Question 1

Which of Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning is LEAST likely to be experienced by an average person?

Accepted Answer

A) Naive hedonism 
B) Morality of individual principles of conscience 
C) "Good boy/girl" orientation 
D) Social-order-maintaining morality 
A) Naive hedonism 
B) Morality of individual principles of conscience 
C) "Good boy/girl" orientation 
D) Social-order-maintaining morality

Question 2

Jeff was a four-year-old who often misbehaved (hitting his brother, interrupting his parents, leaving toys around the house). His parents were determined that he should learn to "do right." Any deviations from correct behavior were dealt with quickly and efficiently through spankings, taking away privileges, and scoldings. They carried through on their belief that Jeff needed to know that misbehavior would always be punished. Jeff's parents did not believe it was necessary to offer Jeff explanations. What explanation can you offer for Jeff's high level of misbehavior?

Accepted Answer

If Jeff's parents have a generally warm

Question 3

Outline the evidence for aggressiveness being a stable attribute.

Accepted Answer

There is evidence to suggest that aggres

Question 4

Observing a rule-following model is most effective in reducing a child's misbehavior when the model

Accepted Answer

A) looks just like the mischievous child. 
B) gets punished for sassing to adults. 
C) verbalizes that a rule is being followed and gives a rationale for doing it. 
D) is disliked by peers, yet still acts properly. 
A) looks just like the mischievous child. 
B) gets punished for sassing to adults. 
C) verbalizes that a rule is being followed and gives a rationale for doing it. 
D) is disliked by peers, yet still acts properly.

Question 5

Beginning at the age of Piaget's ____ stage, children judge wrongdoing by considering whether the action was "just an accident" vs. "done on purpose."

Accepted Answer

A) Oedipal morality 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) heteronomous morality 
D) autonomous morality 
A) Oedipal morality 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) heteronomous morality 
D) autonomous morality

Question 6

Provocative victims of bullying tend to display all of the following behaviors EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) oppositional behavior. 
B) a hostile attributional bias. 
C) a history of physical abuse. 
D) overly close relationships with their mothers. 
A) oppositional behavior. 
B) a hostile attributional bias. 
C) a history of physical abuse. 
D) overly close relationships with their mothers.

Question 7

With regard to altruism, girls tend to

Accepted Answer

A) be more helpful, generous, and compassionate than boys. 
B) be less helpful, generous, and compassionate than boys. 
C) experience about the same level of arousal as boys when seeing a distressed person. 
D) experience more arousal than boys when seeing a distressed person. 
A) be more helpful, generous, and compassionate than boys. 
B) be less helpful, generous, and compassionate than boys. 
C) experience about the same level of arousal as boys when seeing a distressed person. 
D) experience more arousal than boys when seeing a distressed person.

Question 8

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of moral principles?

Accepted Answer

A) They distinguish between right and wrong. 
B) They encourage the person to take action. 
C) Their support is based on negative reinforcement. 
D) They encourage the person to feel either pride or shame. 
A) They distinguish between right and wrong. 
B) They encourage the person to take action. 
C) Their support is based on negative reinforcement. 
D) They encourage the person to feel either pride or shame.

Question 9

Longitudinal studies around the world relating to Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory have reported that

Accepted Answer

A) stage sequence varies across religions. 
B) stage sequence is highly inconsistent. 
C) stages are an invariant developmental sequence. 
D) stages are invariant yet are inaccurate. 
A) stage sequence varies across religions. 
B) stage sequence is highly inconsistent. 
C) stages are an invariant developmental sequence. 
D) stages are invariant yet are inaccurate.

Question 10

Research shows that early conflicts are

Accepted Answer

A) training grounds for aggression. 
B) unusual in middle-class homes. 
C) potentially adaptive opportunities to promote negotiation skills. 
D) invariably helpful to reducing aggression. 
A) training grounds for aggression. 
B) unusual in middle-class homes. 
C) potentially adaptive opportunities to promote negotiation skills. 
D) invariably helpful to reducing aggression.

Question 11

The last step in Dodge's six steps of aggressive thought is to

Accepted Answer

A) formulate social goals. 
B) encode and interpret social cues. 
C) judge the likely effectiveness of strategies. 
D) make a response toward the provocation. 
A) formulate social goals. 
B) encode and interpret social cues. 
C) judge the likely effectiveness of strategies. 
D) make a response toward the provocation.

Question 12

Child-rearing in low-income families encourages violence. Which of these is NOT among the child-rearing practices common among the poor?

Accepted Answer

A) Encouraging children to respond forcibly to provocations 
B) Applying physical punishments such as spanking 
C) Parental reading of story books to encourage language development 
D) Lack of parental monitoring of children 
A) Encouraging children to respond forcibly to provocations 
B) Applying physical punishments such as spanking 
C) Parental reading of story books to encourage language development 
D) Lack of parental monitoring of children

Question 13

Self-restraint rationales given to misbehaving children tend to

Accepted Answer

A) liberate the child from the confines of Oedipal morality. 
B) discourage feelings of guilt. 
C) trigger internally attributed feelings of guilt. 
D) motivate them to return to their coercive homes. 
A) liberate the child from the confines of Oedipal morality. 
B) discourage feelings of guilt. 
C) trigger internally attributed feelings of guilt. 
D) motivate them to return to their coercive homes.

Question 14

Transactive interactions would be most obviously seen in peer conversations among

Accepted Answer

A) toddlers. 
B) preschoolers. 
C) grade-schoolers. 
D) teenagers. 
A) toddlers. 
B) preschoolers. 
C) grade-schoolers. 
D) teenagers.

Question 15

Why do some children become chronic victims of bullies? What are the possible "at risk" factors for these children?

Accepted Answer

There are several possible reasons why s

Question 16

Describe three different parental disciplinary techniques identified by Martin Hoffman.

Accepted Answer

Martin Hoffman, a psychologist, identifi

Question 17

PROACTIVE AGGRESSION is to REACTIVE AGGRESSION as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ALTRUISM :: RECIPROCITY 
B) DOMINATION :: WARINESS 
C) POSTCONVENTIONAL :: PRECONVENTIONAL 
D) INHIBITION :: EXCITATION 
A) ALTRUISM :: RECIPROCITY 
B) DOMINATION :: WARINESS 
C) POSTCONVENTIONAL :: PRECONVENTIONAL 
D) INHIBITION :: EXCITATION

Question 18

Which topic in the text best illustrated the active child theme?

Accepted Answer

A) Proactive aggressors and proactive victims 
B) Sex differences in aggressive behavior 
C) Stages of moral reasoning 
D) The role of cognition and social development in moral affect 
A) Proactive aggressors and proactive victims 
B) Sex differences in aggressive behavior 
C) Stages of moral reasoning 
D) The role of cognition and social development in moral affect

Question 19

Siegal and Cowen asked children to evaluate four different disciplinary strategies that parents could use after a transgression by a child. Briefly summarize the key results from Siegal and Cowen's study.

Accepted Answer

In Siegal and Cowen's study, children we

Question 20

Thugo, age 10, likes to beat up smaller kids just to hurt them and make them cry. Thugo performs

Accepted Answer

A) imminent justice. 
B) hostile aggression. 
C) situational compliance. 
D) a doctrine of specificity. 
A) imminent justice. 
B) hostile aggression. 
C) situational compliance. 
D) a doctrine of specificity.

Which of Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning is LEAST likely to be experienced by an average person?

Outline the evidence for aggressiveness being a stable attribute.

Observing a rule-following model is most effective in reducing a child's misbehavior when the model

Beginning at the age of Piaget's ____ stage, children judge wrongdoing by considering whether the action was "just an accident" vs. "done on purpose."

Provocative victims of bullying tend to display all of the following behaviors EXCEPT

With regard to altruism, girls tend to

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of moral principles?

Longitudinal studies around the world relating to Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory have reported that

Research shows that early conflicts are

The last step in Dodge's six steps of aggressive thought is to

Child-rearing in low-income families encourages violence. Which of these is NOT among the child-rearing practices common among the poor?

Self-restraint rationales given to misbehaving children tend to

Transactive interactions would be most obviously seen in peer conversations among

Why do some children become chronic victims of bullies? What are the possible "at risk" factors for these children?

Describe three different parental disciplinary techniques identified by Martin Hoffman.

PROACTIVE AGGRESSION is to REACTIVE AGGRESSION as is to .

Which topic in the text best illustrated the active child theme?

Siegal and Cowen asked children to evaluate four different disciplinary strategies that parents could use after a transgression by a child. Briefly summarize the key results from Siegal and Cowen's study.

Thugo, age 10, likes to beat up smaller kids just to hurt them and make them cry. Thugo performs

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

Exam 13: Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

Which of Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning is LEAST likely to be experienced by an average person?

Outline the evidence for aggressiveness being a stable attribute.

Observing a rule-following model is most effective in reducing a child's misbehavior when the model

Beginning at the age of Piaget's ____ stage, children judge wrongdoing by considering whether the action was "just an accident" vs. "done on purpose."

Provocative victims of bullying tend to display all of the following behaviors EXCEPT

With regard to altruism, girls tend to

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of moral principles?

Longitudinal studies around the world relating to Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory have reported that

Research shows that early conflicts are

The last step in Dodge's six steps of aggressive thought is to

Child-rearing in low-income families encourages violence. Which of these is NOT among the child-rearing practices common among the poor?

Self-restraint rationales given to misbehaving children tend to

Transactive interactions would be most obviously seen in peer conversations among

Why do some children become chronic victims of bullies? What are the possible "at risk" factors for these children?

Describe three different parental disciplinary techniques identified by Martin Hoffman.

PROACTIVE AGGRESSION is to REACTIVE AGGRESSION as ____ is to ____.

Which topic in the text best illustrated the active child theme?

Siegal and Cowen asked children to evaluate four different disciplinary strategies that parents could use after a transgression by a child. Briefly summarize the key results from Siegal and Cowen's study.

Thugo, age 10, likes to beat up smaller kids just to hurt them and make them cry. Thugo performs

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

PROACTIVE AGGRESSION is to REACTIVE AGGRESSION as is to .