Question 1

From Carol Gilligan's perspective, MORALITY OF CARE is to MORALITY OF JUSTICE as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) WOMEN :: MEN 
B) TENSION :: HARMONY 
C) MILITARY :: TERRORISM 
D) DESTRUCTION :: CONSTRUCTION 
A) WOMEN :: MEN 
B) TENSION :: HARMONY 
C) MILITARY :: TERRORISM 
D) DESTRUCTION :: CONSTRUCTION

Question 2

Nursery-school children often act out prosocially with kindness

Accepted Answer

A) under no circumstances. 
B) during pretend play. 
C) during actual play with other children. 
D) when interacting with adults but not with peers. 
A) under no circumstances. 
B) during pretend play. 
C) during actual play with other children. 
D) when interacting with adults but not with peers.

Question 3

In a theater ticket line, a grade-schooler yells at another, "You can't butt in: it's against the rules!" The grade-schooler expresses the principle of

Accepted Answer

A) America's war against terrorism. 
B) the "felt responsibility" hypothesis. 
C) heteronomous morality. 
D) inhibitory control. 
A) America's war against terrorism. 
B) the "felt responsibility" hypothesis. 
C) heteronomous morality. 
D) inhibitory control.

Question 4

A parent consciously attends to her child and praises positive prosocial actions. This strategy is intended to

Accepted Answer

A) encourage postconventional morality. 
B) eliminate the attentional payoffs for aggression. 
C) encourage reactive aggression but not hostile aggression. 
D) create a nonaggressive environment. 
A) encourage postconventional morality. 
B) eliminate the attentional payoffs for aggression. 
C) encourage reactive aggression but not hostile aggression. 
D) create a nonaggressive environment.

Question 5

The child's earliest encounters that could be labeled as instrumentally aggressive are

Accepted Answer

A) squabbles about toys. 
B) injuring others to cause pain deliberately. 
C) refusals to comply with parental commands. 
D) hurting younger sisters or brothers. 
A) squabbles about toys. 
B) injuring others to cause pain deliberately. 
C) refusals to comply with parental commands. 
D) hurting younger sisters or brothers.

Question 6

Levels of aggression and delinquency among low-income children and teenagers are ____ those of their middle-class age mates.

Accepted Answer

A) higher than 
B) equal to 
C) lower than 
D) impossible to compare to 
A) higher than 
B) equal to 
C) lower than 
D) impossible to compare to

Question 7

Who is especially likely to overattribute hostile intentions to others?

Accepted Answer

A) A reactive aggressor 
B) A proactive aggressor 
C) An altruistic do-gooder 
D) A parent who applies negative reinforcement to children 
A) A reactive aggressor 
B) A proactive aggressor 
C) An altruistic do-gooder 
D) A parent who applies negative reinforcement to children

Question 8

Dodge found that aggressive children were more likely than nonaggressive children to respond with aggression when another child

Accepted Answer

A) clearly aggressed against them with hostile intent. 
B) caused harm, and the intentions were ambiguous. 
C) clearly intended to be helpful but accidentally caused harm. 
D) caused no harm, and the act was unanimously accidental. 
A) clearly aggressed against them with hostile intent. 
B) caused harm, and the intentions were ambiguous. 
C) clearly intended to be helpful but accidentally caused harm. 
D) caused no harm, and the act was unanimously accidental.

Question 9

Long-term continuation of altruism is best encouraged in children by

Accepted Answer

A) criticizing the child when shameful acts are done. 
B) letting the child observe others' altruistic behaviors. 
C) lecturing the child on the virtues of generosity. 
D) offering tangible rewards (mild bribes) for altruistic actions. 
A) criticizing the child when shameful acts are done. 
B) letting the child observe others' altruistic behaviors. 
C) lecturing the child on the virtues of generosity. 
D) offering tangible rewards (mild bribes) for altruistic actions.

Question 10

A married man who cheats on his wife is particularly WEAK on this character dimension of moral maturity:

Accepted Answer

A) fairness. 
B) principled idealism. 
C) dependability/loyalty. 
D) caring/trustworthiness. 
A) fairness. 
B) principled idealism. 
C) dependability/loyalty. 
D) caring/trustworthiness.

Question 11

In judging Kohlberg's theory, data from nine or more countries show ____ correlation between age and maturity of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) a strong positive 
B) a weak positive 
C) no evidence of a 
D) a strong negative 
A) a strong positive 
B) a weak positive 
C) no evidence of a 
D) a strong negative

Question 12

Correlations between measures of moral conduct, moral reasoning, and moral behavior

Accepted Answer

A) are weak throughout the lifespan. 
B) are strong throughout the lifespan. 
C) become weaker as children develop into adults. 
D) become stronger as children develop into adults. 
A) are weak throughout the lifespan. 
B) are strong throughout the lifespan. 
C) become weaker as children develop into adults. 
D) become stronger as children develop into adults.

Question 13

Research from the late 1990s on the morality of caring suggests that when men and women reason about real-life dilemmas they have faced,

Accepted Answer

A) neither men nor women feel compassion for the victims. 
B) women show more compassionate concern than men but less interpersonal responsibility. 
C) men show more compassionate concern than women but less interpersonal responsibility. 
D) men and women show equally high levels of compassion and interpersonal responsibility. 
A) neither men nor women feel compassion for the victims. 
B) women show more compassionate concern than men but less interpersonal responsibility. 
C) men show more compassionate concern than women but less interpersonal responsibility. 
D) men and women show equally high levels of compassion and interpersonal responsibility.

Question 14

Which characteristics apply to the "integrity" dimension of moral maturity?

Accepted Answer

A) Virtuous, fair, and just 
B) Consistent, conscientious, rational, and hard working 
C) Clear values, highly developed conscience, and law abiding 
D) Responsible, loyal, faithful, and honorable 
A) Virtuous, fair, and just 
B) Consistent, conscientious, rational, and hard working 
C) Clear values, highly developed conscience, and law abiding 
D) Responsible, loyal, faithful, and honorable

Question 15

Data on aggression from more than 100 countries comparing males and females show

Accepted Answer

A) greater physical and verbal aggression among males. 
B) no evidence of sex differences in aggression. 
C) greater physical aggression among males and greater verbal aggression among females. 
D) greater physical and verbal aggression among females. 
A) greater physical and verbal aggression among males. 
B) no evidence of sex differences in aggression. 
C) greater physical aggression among males and greater verbal aggression among females. 
D) greater physical and verbal aggression among females.

Question 16

Passive victims of bullying are often

Accepted Answer

A) the offspring of proactive aggressors. 
B) emotionally disconnected from their parents. 
C) socially withdrawn and physically weak. 
D) oppositional and hot-tempered. 
A) the offspring of proactive aggressors. 
B) emotionally disconnected from their parents. 
C) socially withdrawn and physically weak. 
D) oppositional and hot-tempered.

Question 17

Parents should try to encourage the child to develop a sense of ____ because it promotes altruism.

Accepted Answer

A) situational compliance 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) hostile attributional bias 
D) sympathetic empathic arousal 
A) situational compliance 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) hostile attributional bias 
D) sympathetic empathic arousal

Question 18

To understand coercive home environments, the family should be regarded as a social system because

Accepted Answer

A) family members respond to and reinforce one another's actions. 
B) systemic technical jargon becomes sophisticated. 
C) inhibitory controls are especially effective in coercive home environments. 
D) passive victims deserve what happens to them. 
A) family members respond to and reinforce one another's actions. 
B) systemic technical jargon becomes sophisticated. 
C) inhibitory controls are especially effective in coercive home environments. 
D) passive victims deserve what happens to them.

Question 19

Describe at least three general child-rearing factors that are thought to contribute to altruism in children.

Accepted Answer

(1) Children who are assigned responsibi

Question 20

Suppose that parents and teachers remove aggressive toys, videos, and games from the playroom. These efforts reduce aggression by

Accepted Answer

A) eliminating the payoffs for aggression. 
B) establishing a social-cognitive intervention. 
C) applying a time-out technique. 
D) creating a nonaggressive environment. 
A) eliminating the payoffs for aggression. 
B) establishing a social-cognitive intervention. 
C) applying a time-out technique. 
D) creating a nonaggressive environment.

From Carol Gilligan's perspective, MORALITY OF CARE is to MORALITY OF JUSTICE as is to .

Nursery-school children often act out prosocially with kindness

In a theater ticket line, a grade-schooler yells at another, "You can't butt in: it's against the rules!" The grade-schooler expresses the principle of

A parent consciously attends to her child and praises positive prosocial actions. This strategy is intended to

The child's earliest encounters that could be labeled as instrumentally aggressive are

Levels of aggression and delinquency among low-income children and teenagers are ____ those of their middle-class age mates.

Who is especially likely to overattribute hostile intentions to others?

Dodge found that aggressive children were more likely than nonaggressive children to respond with aggression when another child

Long-term continuation of altruism is best encouraged in children by

A married man who cheats on his wife is particularly WEAK on this character dimension of moral maturity:

In judging Kohlberg's theory, data from nine or more countries show ____ correlation between age and maturity of moral reasoning.

Correlations between measures of moral conduct, moral reasoning, and moral behavior

Research from the late 1990s on the morality of caring suggests that when men and women reason about real-life dilemmas they have faced,

Which characteristics apply to the "integrity" dimension of moral maturity?

Data on aggression from more than 100 countries comparing males and females show

Passive victims of bullying are often

Parents should try to encourage the child to develop a sense of ____ because it promotes altruism.

To understand coercive home environments, the family should be regarded as a social system because

Describe at least three general child-rearing factors that are thought to contribute to altruism in children.

Suppose that parents and teachers remove aggressive toys, videos, and games from the playroom. These efforts reduce aggression by

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

Exam 13: Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

From Carol Gilligan's perspective, MORALITY OF CARE is to MORALITY OF JUSTICE as ____ is to ____.

Nursery-school children often act out prosocially with kindness

In a theater ticket line, a grade-schooler yells at another, "You can't butt in: it's against the rules!" The grade-schooler expresses the principle of

A parent consciously attends to her child and praises positive prosocial actions. This strategy is intended to

The child's earliest encounters that could be labeled as instrumentally aggressive are

Levels of aggression and delinquency among low-income children and teenagers are ____ those of their middle-class age mates.

Who is especially likely to overattribute hostile intentions to others?

Dodge found that aggressive children were more likely than nonaggressive children to respond with aggression when another child

Long-term continuation of altruism is best encouraged in children by

A married man who cheats on his wife is particularly WEAK on this character dimension of moral maturity:

In judging Kohlberg's theory, data from nine or more countries show ____ correlation between age and maturity of moral reasoning.

Correlations between measures of moral conduct, moral reasoning, and moral behavior

Research from the late 1990s on the morality of caring suggests that when men and women reason about real-life dilemmas they have faced,

Which characteristics apply to the "integrity" dimension of moral maturity?

Data on aggression from more than 100 countries comparing males and females show

Passive victims of bullying are often

Parents should try to encourage the child to develop a sense of ____ because it promotes altruism.

To understand coercive home environments, the family should be regarded as a social system because

Describe at least three general child-rearing factors that are thought to contribute to altruism in children.

Suppose that parents and teachers remove aggressive toys, videos, and games from the playroom. These efforts reduce aggression by

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

From Carol Gilligan's perspective, MORALITY OF CARE is to MORALITY OF JUSTICE as is to .