Exam 4: Origins and Organization of Law Enforcement

Enforcement agencies primarily engaged in highway patrol activities are called __________.About half of these agencies also have the authority to conduct investigative work.

A 'shire reeve' is a citizen in charge of weapons and equipment for one hundred families in his geographic area.In England constables were appointed by a local nobleman beginning around the year 900.

Established in 1968,the ___________ was set up within the U.S.Department of Justice to allocate money to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice system.Between 1968 and 1977,the organization spent more than $6 billion on crime control programs and college education for police officers.

A system established in England in 1285 to aid constables in their law enforcement efforts was called a __________.Men from each town were required to take turns standing watch at night and crime suspects were turned over to the constable.

Police selection processes vary among police departments,but most agencies require applicants to pass a written test,physical agility test,drug test,medical exam (including visual and hearing test),oral interview,psychological assessment,polygraph test,and background investigation.Can you think of any additional requirements that jurisdictions utilize in their hiring process?

Police officers are increasingly female and minorities,although there continue to be cases of harassment and discrimination within some police departments,despite the fact that performance studies and victim interviews show that females and minority officers perform well and are accepted by the public.Why do you think this is?

__________ are different from local and federal police agencies in that they enforce state laws exclusively.Most states also have specialized law enforcement agencies similar to those at the federal level,such as state departments of environmental protection,alcohol control,and other specialized units.

__________ was the first organized police department in London,established in 1829.The popular English name for police officers,"bobbies," comes from Sir Robert Peel,a founder of the Metropolitan Police.

The first police force was established in London in ________.Police officers patrolled specific areas and were organized in a paramilitary fashion to maintain discipline.

An official appointed by the British Crown who was responsible for overseeing the constables and several hundred families in a given area was called a 'constable'.The modern word sheriff is derived from this term.

A __________ is a citizen in charge of weapons and equipment for one hundred families in his geographic area.In England constables were appointed by a local nobleman beginning around the year 900.

A service-oriented style of law enforcement that focuses on disorder in the community,crime prevention,and fear reduction (as opposed to the traditional focus on serious street crimes)is called 'community policing'.

A system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain during the Middle Ages,in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors was called a __________.

An early-twentieth-century era in policing that focused on efficiency,professionalism,and improved technology was called __________.

The first organized police department in London,established in 1829,was called 'preventive police'.The popular English name for police officers,"bobbies," comes from Sir Robert Peel,a founder of the Metropolitan Police.

'Professionalism' is an early-twentieth-century era in policing that focused on efficiency,professionalism,and improved technology.

Those changes in police organization,administration,and technology aimed at improving the efficiency of the police in the deterrence and apprehension of criminals is called ___________.

The vast majority of police agencies are found at the local level of government.

In an interesting reversal of history,public policing,which arose because of the ineffectiveness of private security measures,is now faced with a movement back toward privatization.What do you think this change (back)will do for policing in the United States as a whole?

The police departments of municipalities is called __________;this type of law enforcement also includes county sheriffs and special police agencies such as park,airport,transit,and university police.