Exam 4: Origins and Organization of Law Enforcement

An official appointed by the British Crown who was responsible for overseeing the constables and several hundred families in a given area was called a __________.The modern word sheriff is derived from this term.

The seventeen different agencies that investigate violations of federal law is referred to as 'federal law enforcement'.Unlike state police agencies,few of these agencies engage in patrol work;most perform exclusively investigative functions.

A system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain during the Middle Ages,in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors was called a 'mutual pledge system'.

Police officers are __________ female and minorities,although there continue to be cases of harassment and discrimination within some police departments,despite the fact that performance studies and victim interviews show that females and minority officers perform well and are accepted by the public.

The central tenet of __________ is a service-oriented style of law enforcement,as opposed to the traditional focus on serious street crimes.

Those changes in police organization,administration,and technology aimed at improving the efficiency of the police in the deterrence and apprehension of criminals is called 'progressivism'.

According to your textbook author,one study found that police and firefighters agreed "they do not know what they need to be protected against,what form of protection is appropriate and where to look for such protection." What does this uncertainty point toward the need for?

__________ primarily enforce applicable state laws,but they also enforce local ordinances and traffic laws and investigate accidents and suspected crimes.Sheriffs provide police protection and investigate crimes in jurisdictions within their county that lack their own police forces;they also serve court papers,maintain order in courtrooms,and operate county jail facilities.

The term __________ refers to law enforcement agencies that protect private property and are paid by private individuals and corporations.

Reliance on technology in policing is increasing with the updated National Crime Information Center,which will allow for police to access __________ via computers in their patrol cars.

A multiagency effort to combat multijurisdictional crimes allowing for pooling of evidence,personnel,and expertise and to reduce unnecessary duplication of effort is called a(n)__________.

'Interpol' involves law enforcement agencies that protect private property and are paid by private individuals and corporations.

'Weed and Seed' programs are federal programs that combine enforcement with community services in an effort to reduce crime in targeted neighborhoods.

__________ programs are federal programs that combine enforcement with community services in an effort to reduce crime in targeted neighborhoods.