Question 1

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is

Accepted Answer

A)  a fixed ratio schedule. 
B)  a fixed interval schedule. 
C)  a variable ratio schedule. 
D)  continuous reinforcement. 
E)  a variable interval schedule. 
A)  a fixed ratio schedule. 
B)  a fixed interval schedule. 
C)  a variable ratio schedule. 
D)  continuous reinforcement. 
E)  a variable interval schedule. D

Question 2

The dean of the college of arts and sciences held a mixer last night, but was dismayed to see that rather than mixing, the students tended to split off into groups by major: arts and humanities students there, students majoring in the natural sciences there, and social-science majors over there. This is an example of ________ in action.

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error 
B)  communities of practice 
C)  social identity theory 
D)  climate for transfer 
E)  self-serving bias 
A)  fundamental attribution error 
B)  communities of practice 
C)  social identity theory 
D)  climate for transfer 
E)  self-serving bias C

Question 3

Soon after becoming the new manager of operations at the Cooper Motors, a local car dealership, Finn discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will enjoy a steak dinner, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be invited to stay late for three nights in a row and attend an unpaid training session. The contingencies Finn is planning to implement-the steak dinner on the one hand and the unpaid training sessions on the other-are, respectively,

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment and extinction. 
B)  negative reinforcement and extinction. 
C)  positive reinforcement and punishment. 
D)  punishment and negative reinforcement. 
E)  positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. 
A)  punishment and extinction. 
B)  negative reinforcement and extinction. 
C)  positive reinforcement and punishment. 
D)  punishment and negative reinforcement. 
E)  positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. C

Question 4

As a project manager with a great deal of training in decision making, Alex is to be taken seriously when he tells his subordinates, "We're in a crisis situation." He is referring to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  emergency that will likely make or break the company, thus creating a point of no return. 
B)  point of sudden change that may well cause serious damage and thus requires deliberate thinking. 
C)  result of evolving conditions that has the potential to erupt into complete disaster if left unchecked. 
D)  change, either sudden or evolving, resulting in an urgent problem that has be addressed immediately. 
E)  circumstance that requires educated minds to address, because intuition alone will not prove adequate. 
A)  emergency that will likely make or break the company, thus creating a point of no return. 
B)  point of sudden change that may well cause serious damage and thus requires deliberate thinking. 
C)  result of evolving conditions that has the potential to erupt into complete disaster if left unchecked. 
D)  change, either sudden or evolving, resulting in an urgent problem that has be addressed immediately. 
E)  circumstance that requires educated minds to address, because intuition alone will not prove adequate.

Question 5

________ is the removal of positive consequences following an unwanted behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction 
B)  Punishment 
C)  Positive reinforcement 
D)  Negative reinforcement 
E)  Performance-avoid orientation 
A)  Extinction 
B)  Punishment 
C)  Positive reinforcement 
D)  Negative reinforcement 
E)  Performance-avoid orientation

Question 6

The ________ schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  continuous reinforcement 
E)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  continuous reinforcement 
E)  variable interval

Question 7

Discuss the concept of attribution, as well as faulty attribution, along with the three dimensions-consensus, distinctiveness, consistency-by which people form judgments of other people's actions. How does the level of each (low or high) lead to a judgment of external or internal causes behind another person's behavior? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Research on attributions suggests that w

Question 8

Decision making reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge and skills that result from experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

People with a ________ orientation focus on demonstrating their capabilities so that others will think favorably of them.

Accepted Answer

A)  performance-avoid 
B)  performance-prove 
C)  programmed decision 
D)  rational decision-making 
E)  nonprogrammed decision 
A)  performance-avoid 
B)  performance-prove 
C)  programmed decision 
D)  rational decision-making 
E)  nonprogrammed decision

Question 10

Learning has a weak positive effect on commitment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Under enormous pressure to make a decision, Emily ends up selecting the first acceptable solution without considering any more possibilities. Emily has engaged in satisficing behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience are reflected in that person's

Accepted Answer

A)  learning. 
B)  intuition. 
C)  expertise. 
D)  heuristics. 
E)  consistency. 
A)  learning. 
B)  intuition. 
C)  expertise. 
D)  heuristics. 
E)  consistency.

Question 13

The president of a country has dedicated the bulk of the country's military power to an invasion of a neighboring country. For a time, the war seems to be going his way. Then the enemy begins to take the offensive, conducting massive encircling movements, taking tens of thousands of prisoners, and forcing whole divisions into retreat. Still the president presses on, ordering more troops to the front, in spite of protests from his generals. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer of training. 
B)  communities of practice. 
C)  escalation of commitment. 
D)  a nonprogrammed decision. 
E)  a fundamental attribution error 
A)  transfer of training. 
B)  communities of practice. 
C)  escalation of commitment. 
D)  a nonprogrammed decision. 
E)  a fundamental attribution error

Question 14

When a worker comes late to the work site, others are likely to make an external attribution under conditions of

Accepted Answer

A)  high consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. 
B)  high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency. 
C)  low consensus, high distinctiveness, and high consistency. 
D)  low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. 
E)  low consensus, low distinctiveness, and low consistency. 
A)  high consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. 
B)  high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency. 
C)  low consensus, high distinctiveness, and high consistency. 
D)  low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. 
E)  low consensus, low distinctiveness, and low consistency.

Question 15

Identify and explain the two methods of decision making, and give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Student answers and examples will vary b

Question 16

Bounded rationality involves

Accepted Answer

A)  picking the alternative that maximizes value. 
B)  evaluating all the alternatives simultaneously. 
C)  using accurate information to evaluate alternatives. 
D)  boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood. 
E)  developing an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions. 
A)  picking the alternative that maximizes value. 
B)  evaluating all the alternatives simultaneously. 
C)  using accurate information to evaluate alternatives. 
D)  boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood. 
E)  developing an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.

Question 17

The training instructor at the state police barracks told all the trainees that they had to keep their lockers secured at all times. Brandi forgot and failed to put her lock on, so when the instructor discovered this, he made her mop the bathroom and the hallway of the barracks. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  training. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  training. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  negative reinforcement.

Question 18

________ describes the situation when someone decides to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Accepted Answer

A)  The ratio bias effect 
B)  The self-serving bias 
C)  The gambler's fallacy 
D)  An escalation of commitment 
E)  The fundamental attribution error 
A)  The ratio bias effect 
B)  The self-serving bias 
C)  The gambler's fallacy 
D)  An escalation of commitment 
E)  The fundamental attribution error

Question 19

Explicit knowledge is

Accepted Answer

A)  based on experience. 
B)  highly personal in nature. 
C)  specific to certain jobs and situations. 
D)  easily conveyed through written or verbal communication. 
E)  not something that can be explained by the people who possess it. 
A)  based on experience. 
B)  highly personal in nature. 
C)  specific to certain jobs and situations. 
D)  easily conveyed through written or verbal communication. 
E)  not something that can be explained by the people who possess it.

Question 20

The leadership at Morgan Industrial Chemicals has been confronted with a crisis: someone incorrectly filed a purchase order from a key client, thus resulting in a shipment of the wrong materials. Not knowing this, the client proceeded to make use of the chemicals-with disastrous results. This has never happened to the company before, and although they have procedures for addressing various contingencies, the situation at hand requires quick thinking. The task of addressing the problem has fallen to Beth, who is an experienced manager, and she readily comes up with a solution. However, at first glance her idea sounds counterintuitive, and she needs the immediate support of her entire team to get behind her idea quickly. Therefore she should

Accepted Answer

A)  let the team members know that as a manager with considerable experience, she knows what needs to be done, and therefore requires absolute allegiance. 
B)  explain the situation, present her solution and reasoning, point out what the team should be on the lookout for, and invite feedback from team members. 
C)  begin by acknowledging that her solution is one possible idea out of many, then present her proposal and ask for feedback from the team. 
D)  inform the team that the problem needs to be investigated, then form a study group and invite them to present their findings. 
E)  first see to it that the person responsible for the mistake is identified and dealt with, then take action on the problem. 
A)  let the team members know that as a manager with considerable experience, she knows what needs to be done, and therefore requires absolute allegiance. 
B)  explain the situation, present her solution and reasoning, point out what the team should be on the lookout for, and invite feedback from team members. 
C)  begin by acknowledging that her solution is one possible idea out of many, then present her proposal and ask for feedback from the team. 
D)  inform the team that the problem needs to be investigated, then form a study group and invite them to present their findings. 
E)  first see to it that the person responsible for the mistake is identified and dealt with, then take action on the problem.

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is

As a project manager with a great deal of training in decision making, Alex is to be taken seriously when he tells his subordinates, "We're in a crisis situation." He is referring to a(n)

________ is the removal of positive consequences following an unwanted behavior.

The ________ schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited.

Decision making reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge and skills that result from experience.

People with a ________ orientation focus on demonstrating their capabilities so that others will think favorably of them.

Learning has a weak positive effect on commitment.

Under enormous pressure to make a decision, Emily ends up selecting the first acceptable solution without considering any more possibilities. Emily has engaged in satisficing behavior.

Relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience are reflected in that person's

When a worker comes late to the work site, others are likely to make an external attribution under conditions of

Identify and explain the two methods of decision making, and give examples of each.

Bounded rationality involves

________ describes the situation when someone decides to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Explicit knowledge is

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Job Performance

Organizational Commitment

Job Satisfaction

Stress

Motivation

Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Personality and Cultural Values

Ability

Teams: Characteristics and Diversity

Teams: Processes and Communication

Leadership: Power and Negotiation

Leadership: Styles and Behaviors

Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

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Exam 8: Learning and Decision Making

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is

As a project manager with a great deal of training in decision making, Alex is to be taken seriously when he tells his subordinates, "We're in a crisis situation." He is referring to a(n)

________ is the removal of positive consequences following an unwanted behavior.

The ________ schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited.

Decision making reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge and skills that result from experience.

People with a ________ orientation focus on demonstrating their capabilities so that others will think favorably of them.

Learning has a weak positive effect on commitment.

Under enormous pressure to make a decision, Emily ends up selecting the first acceptable solution without considering any more possibilities. Emily has engaged in satisficing behavior.

Relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience are reflected in that person's

When a worker comes late to the work site, others are likely to make an external attribution under conditions of

Identify and explain the two methods of decision making, and give examples of each.

Bounded rationality involves

________ describes the situation when someone decides to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Explicit knowledge is

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Job Performance

Organizational Commitment

Job Satisfaction

Stress

Motivation

Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Personality and Cultural Values

Ability

Teams: Characteristics and Diversity

Teams: Processes and Communication

Leadership: Power and Negotiation

Leadership: Styles and Behaviors

Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

Filters