Question 1

A major weakness of psychoanalytic theories is that they do not adequately explain how development comes about.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

A major criticism of Piaget's theory is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  has few practical applications. 
B)  focuses too heavily on the importance of social relationships in determining the course of development. 
C)  portrays children as passive learners. 
D)  underestimates the cognitive abilities of young children. 
A)  has few practical applications. 
B)  focuses too heavily on the importance of social relationships in determining the course of development. 
C)  portrays children as passive learners. 
D)  underestimates the cognitive abilities of young children. D

Question 3

Bronfenbrenner's model is a(n) _____ model.

Accepted Answer

bioecological

Question 4

Explain and provide examples of the concepts of negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and extinction.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement is the removal of

Question 5

When John Locke referred to the mind of a human infant as like a tabula rasae, he meant that an infant's mind was

Accepted Answer

A)  cursed with original sin that made it naturally evil. 
B)  more like that of chimps than human adults. 
C)  a set of connected living nerves. 
D)  empty and to be written on through experience. 
A)  cursed with original sin that made it naturally evil. 
B)  more like that of chimps than human adults. 
C)  a set of connected living nerves. 
D)  empty and to be written on through experience.

Question 6

One strength of Freud's approach to development is his description of how

Accepted Answer

A)  early experience can influence later development. 
B)  children learn through observation. 
C)  reinforcement and punishment determine behavior. 
D)  conscious motivations underlie most decision-making. 
A)  early experience can influence later development. 
B)  children learn through observation. 
C)  reinforcement and punishment determine behavior. 
D)  conscious motivations underlie most decision-making.

Question 7

When Mr. Earlgray sits on a needle, he instinctively screams and then accidentally knocks over his cup of tea. He then claims that he will never drink tea again, because he finds the act too painful. In this situation, which provides the best example of an unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  His scream 
B)  Knocking over the cup 
C)  The needle 
D)  His decision to not drink tea 
A)  His scream 
B)  Knocking over the cup 
C)  The needle 
D)  His decision to not drink tea

Question 8

According to Piaget, children construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Dr. Zaius believes that no one theory can explain human development and has developed an approach that incorporates elements from many of the major theories. Given this description, Dr. Zaius is best classified as a(n) _____ theorist.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic 
B)  ethological 
C)  eclectic 
D)  sociocultural 
A)  psychodynamic 
B)  ethological 
C)  eclectic 
D)  sociocultural

Question 10

Seven-year-old Jasper devotes his energy to play and schoolwork. According to Freud, Jasper is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  anal 
B)  oral 
C)  genital 
D)  latency 
A)  anal 
B)  oral 
C)  genital 
D)  latency

Question 11

As a strong believer in learning theory, Bea would be most likely to describe parents as _____ of their children.

Accepted Answer

A)  trainers 
B)  supporters 
C)  partners 
D)  genetic-precursors 
A)  trainers 
B)  supporters 
C)  partners 
D)  genetic-precursors

Question 12

According to Piaget, a child who is unable to use symbols to help solve problems mentally is in the preoperational stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Describe Piaget's preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages of development using examples from children or adults you have met (including yourself).

Accepted Answer

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

Question 14

Ten-year-old Jordan has few sexual urges and expends most of his energy playing basketball. Jordan appears to be in Freud's _____ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  oral 
D)  genital 
A)  phallic 
B)  latency 
C)  oral 
D)  genital

Question 15

Freud emphasized the importance of _____ in determining behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational thought 
B)  observational learning 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  unconscious motivation 
A)  preoperational thought 
B)  observational learning 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  unconscious motivation

Question 16

Which type of theorist would be most likely to describe the human mind in terms of "mental hardware and software"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalytic 
B)  Constructivist 
C)  Information-processing 
D)  Operant conditioning 
A)  Psychoanalytic 
B)  Constructivist 
C)  Information-processing 
D)  Operant conditioning

Question 17

Bandura was highly critical of the notion of reciprocal determinism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Negative punishment involves the removal of something pleasant that results in behavior decreasing in frequency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Stage theorists tend to view parents as supporters of development, while learning theorists tend to view parents as supporters of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

How could an elementary teacher effectively use negative punishment in the classroom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Give "stars" that can be converted into treats to students who do well on exams. 
B)  Give a slap on the wrist to kids who lie about cheating. 
C)  Take away recess time (something kids want) to decrease misbehavior. 
D)  Take away homework (something the kids find unpleasant) to increase hand-raising behavior. 
A)  Give "stars" that can be converted into treats to students who do well on exams. 
B)  Give a slap on the wrist to kids who lie about cheating. 
C)  Take away recess time (something kids want) to decrease misbehavior. 
D)  Take away homework (something the kids find unpleasant) to increase hand-raising behavior.

A major weakness of psychoanalytic theories is that they do not adequately explain how development comes about.

A major criticism of Piaget's theory is that it

Bronfenbrenner's model is a(n) _____ model.

Explain and provide examples of the concepts of negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and extinction.

When John Locke referred to the mind of a human infant as like a tabula rasae, he meant that an infant's mind was

One strength of Freud's approach to development is his description of how

When Mr. Earlgray sits on a needle, he instinctively screams and then accidentally knocks over his cup of tea. He then claims that he will never drink tea again, because he finds the act too painful. In this situation, which provides the best example of an unconditioned stimulus?

According to Piaget, children construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences.

Dr. Zaius believes that no one theory can explain human development and has developed an approach that incorporates elements from many of the major theories. Given this description, Dr. Zaius is best classified as a(n) _____ theorist.

Seven-year-old Jasper devotes his energy to play and schoolwork. According to Freud, Jasper is in which stage?

As a strong believer in learning theory, Bea would be most likely to describe parents as _____ of their children.

According to Piaget, a child who is unable to use symbols to help solve problems mentally is in the preoperational stage of development.

Describe Piaget's preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages of development using examples from children or adults you have met (including yourself).

Ten-year-old Jordan has few sexual urges and expends most of his energy playing basketball. Jordan appears to be in Freud's _____ stage of development.

Freud emphasized the importance of _____ in determining behavior.

Which type of theorist would be most likely to describe the human mind in terms of "mental hardware and software"?

Bandura was highly critical of the notion of reciprocal determinism.

Negative punishment involves the removal of something pleasant that results in behavior decreasing in frequency.

Stage theorists tend to view parents as supporters of development, while learning theorists tend to view parents as supporters of behavior.

How could an elementary teacher effectively use negative punishment in the classroom?

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Body, Brain, Health

Sensation, Perception, and Action

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

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Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

A major weakness of psychoanalytic theories is that they do not adequately explain how development comes about.

A major criticism of Piaget's theory is that it

Bronfenbrenner's model is a(n) _____ model.

Explain and provide examples of the concepts of negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and extinction.

When John Locke referred to the mind of a human infant as like a tabula rasae, he meant that an infant's mind was

One strength of Freud's approach to development is his description of how

When Mr. Earlgray sits on a needle, he instinctively screams and then accidentally knocks over his cup of tea. He then claims that he will never drink tea again, because he finds the act too painful. In this situation, which provides the best example of an unconditioned stimulus?

According to Piaget, children construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences.

Dr. Zaius believes that no one theory can explain human development and has developed an approach that incorporates elements from many of the major theories. Given this description, Dr. Zaius is best classified as a(n) _____ theorist.

Seven-year-old Jasper devotes his energy to play and schoolwork. According to Freud, Jasper is in which stage?

As a strong believer in learning theory, Bea would be most likely to describe parents as _____ of their children.

According to Piaget, a child who is unable to use symbols to help solve problems mentally is in the preoperational stage of development.

Describe Piaget's preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages of development using examples from children or adults you have met (including yourself).

Ten-year-old Jordan has few sexual urges and expends most of his energy playing basketball. Jordan appears to be in Freud's _____ stage of development.

Freud emphasized the importance of _____ in determining behavior.

Which type of theorist would be most likely to describe the human mind in terms of "mental hardware and software"?

Bandura was highly critical of the notion of reciprocal determinism.

Negative punishment involves the removal of something pleasant that results in behavior decreasing in frequency.

Stage theorists tend to view parents as supporters of development, while learning theorists tend to view parents as supporters of behavior.

How could an elementary teacher effectively use negative punishment in the classroom?

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Body, Brain, Health

Sensation, Perception, and Action

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

Filters