Question 1

On which elements of learning would Watson, Skinner, and Bandura agree? Where would their differences lie?

Accepted Answer

Watson, Skinner, and Bandura would likel

Question 2

The universality-context specificity issue concerns whether we all follow similar or unique paths of development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Freud suggested that psychological problems arise when the

Accepted Answer

A)  superego develops after the id. 
B)  supply of psychic energy is unevenly distributed between the id, ego, and superego. 
C)  ego emerges in infancy. 
D)  child realistically postpones gratification. 
A)  superego develops after the id. 
B)  supply of psychic energy is unevenly distributed between the id, ego, and superego. 
C)  ego emerges in infancy. 
D)  child realistically postpones gratification.

Question 4

Compare and contrast the developmental assumptions of nature versus nurture, activity versus passivity, continuity versus discontinuity, and universality versus context-specificity.

Accepted Answer

The developmental assumptions of nature

Question 5

Physical punishment tends to be most effective when it is

Accepted Answer

A)  very harsh. 
B)  administered immediately after the offensive act. 
C)  not accompanied by verbal explanations. 
D)  not combined with other efforts to reinforce behavior. 
A)  very harsh. 
B)  administered immediately after the offensive act. 
C)  not accompanied by verbal explanations. 
D)  not combined with other efforts to reinforce behavior.

Question 6

Cosmo, age three, has always been cooperative about going to bed at night. Then the family takes a trip and stays with relatives, where Cosmo 's cousin, Wanda (also age three), has a royal fit at bedtime. Cosmo watches while Wanda's parents read her extra stories and bring her a glass of juice to calm her down. After Cosmo and his family return home, Cosmo begins to throw tantrums at bedtime. Cosmo's change in behavior is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  sensorimotor stage thinking. 
D)  latent learning. 
A)  observational learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  sensorimotor stage thinking. 
D)  latent learning.

Question 7

According to Freud, the _____ stage is the first psychosexual stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  anal 
B)  genital 
C)  oral 
D)  phallic 
A)  anal 
B)  genital 
C)  oral 
D)  phallic

Question 8

In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the immediate physical and social environment is the

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem. 
B)  exosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  mesosystem. 
A)  microsystem. 
B)  exosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  mesosystem.

Question 9

A parent who falls on the "activity" side of the "activity-passivity" issue is most likely to believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  if a child is aggressive, the parents were not active enough in parenting. 
B)  if new skills are not regularly used, they will disappear. 
C)  we are naturally more active when young and become more passive with age. 
D)  children play an important role in shaping their own development. 
A)  if a child is aggressive, the parents were not active enough in parenting. 
B)  if new skills are not regularly used, they will disappear. 
C)  we are naturally more active when young and become more passive with age. 
D)  children play an important role in shaping their own development.

Question 10

In a study on digestion in dogs, Pavlov used the bell as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  neutral stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  neutral response. 
A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  neutral stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  neutral response.

Question 11

Five-year-old Theodore is currently internalizing the moral standards of his father Ward and mother June. According to a psychoanalytic theorist, Theodore appears to be developing his

Accepted Answer

A)  superego. 
B)  id. 
C)  libido. 
D)  ego. 
A)  superego. 
B)  id. 
C)  libido. 
D)  ego.

Question 12

Which question provides the best example of the concept of generativity versus stagnation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Will my work benefit the next generation? 
B)  Do I know who I am? 
C)  Should I get married? 
D)  Will my choice of college major lead to a career in which I will make a lot of money? 
A)  Will my work benefit the next generation? 
B)  Do I know who I am? 
C)  Should I get married? 
D)  Will my choice of college major lead to a career in which I will make a lot of money?

Question 13

Polly is attending her first birthday party, where she sees her first balloon. While playing with the balloon, she accidentally pops it with a pin. When the balloon pops, she screams, drops her drink, and starts to cry when she sees it stain the carpet. In this situation, the noise produced by the popping balloon would represent a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response. 
A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 14

The belief that one can effectively produce a desired outcome in a particular area of life is called self-_____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The belief that one can effectively produce...

Question 15

In Watson and Raynor's study with Little Albert, a white rat served as a conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

I am the "moral" aspect of the personality that helps a person determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Sigmund Freud called me the

Accepted Answer

A)  ego. 
B)  id. 
C)  libido . 
D)  superego. 
A)  ego. 
B)  id. 
C)  libido . 
D)  superego.

Question 17

Erikson emphasized the importance of a caregiver's _____ in predicting the impact of early life experience on later development.

Accepted Answer

A)  general responsiveness 
B)  age 
C)  sex 
D)  intelligence 
A)  general responsiveness 
B)  age 
C)  sex 
D)  intelligence

Question 18

In operant conditioning terms, a negative consequence

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforces an action. 
B)  punishes an action. 
C)  occurs when something is removed. 
D)  occurs when something is added. 
A)  reinforces an action. 
B)  punishes an action. 
C)  occurs when something is removed. 
D)  occurs when something is added.

Question 19

As a child moves from the sensorimotor stage to the preoperational stage, he or she first becomes able to

Accepted Answer

A)  conserve. 
B)  think symbolically. 
C)  perceive the environment. 
D)  use abstract reasoning. 
A)  conserve. 
B)  think symbolically. 
C)  perceive the environment. 
D)  use abstract reasoning.

Question 20

The basic premise of operant conditioning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  most learning occurs when a person mimics an observed model. 
B)  learning takes place over a series of qualitatively different stages. 
C)  the consequences that follow a behavior impact the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. 
D)  pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus will lead to a conditioned stimulus. 
A)  most learning occurs when a person mimics an observed model. 
B)  learning takes place over a series of qualitatively different stages. 
C)  the consequences that follow a behavior impact the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. 
D)  pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus will lead to a conditioned stimulus.

On which elements of learning would Watson, Skinner, and Bandura agree? Where would their differences lie?

The universality-context specificity issue concerns whether we all follow similar or unique paths of development.

Freud suggested that psychological problems arise when the

Compare and contrast the developmental assumptions of nature versus nurture, activity versus passivity, continuity versus discontinuity, and universality versus context-specificity.

Physical punishment tends to be most effective when it is

According to Freud, the _____ stage is the first psychosexual stage of development.

In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the immediate physical and social environment is the

A parent who falls on the "activity" side of the "activity-passivity" issue is most likely to believe that

In a study on digestion in dogs, Pavlov used the bell as a(n)

Five-year-old Theodore is currently internalizing the moral standards of his father Ward and mother June. According to a psychoanalytic theorist, Theodore appears to be developing his

Which question provides the best example of the concept of generativity versus stagnation?

The belief that one can effectively produce a desired outcome in a particular area of life is called self-_____.

In Watson and Raynor's study with Little Albert, a white rat served as a conditioned response.

I am the "moral" aspect of the personality that helps a person determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Sigmund Freud called me the

Erikson emphasized the importance of a caregiver's _____ in predicting the impact of early life experience on later development.

In operant conditioning terms, a negative consequence

As a child moves from the sensorimotor stage to the preoperational stage, he or she first becomes able to

The basic premise of operant conditioning is that

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Body, Brain, Health

Sensation, Perception, and Action

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

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Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

On which elements of learning would Watson, Skinner, and Bandura agree? Where would their differences lie?

The universality-context specificity issue concerns whether we all follow similar or unique paths of development.

Freud suggested that psychological problems arise when the

Compare and contrast the developmental assumptions of nature versus nurture, activity versus passivity, continuity versus discontinuity, and universality versus context-specificity.

Physical punishment tends to be most effective when it is

According to Freud, the _____ stage is the first psychosexual stage of development.

In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the immediate physical and social environment is the

A parent who falls on the "activity" side of the "activity-passivity" issue is most likely to believe that

In a study on digestion in dogs, Pavlov used the bell as a(n)

Five-year-old Theodore is currently internalizing the moral standards of his father Ward and mother June. According to a psychoanalytic theorist, Theodore appears to be developing his

Which question provides the best example of the concept of generativity versus stagnation?

The belief that one can effectively produce a desired outcome in a particular area of life is called self-_____.

In Watson and Raynor's study with Little Albert, a white rat served as a conditioned response.

I am the "moral" aspect of the personality that helps a person determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Sigmund Freud called me the

Erikson emphasized the importance of a caregiver's _____ in predicting the impact of early life experience on later development.

In operant conditioning terms, a negative consequence

As a child moves from the sensorimotor stage to the preoperational stage, he or she first becomes able to

The basic premise of operant conditioning is that

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Body, Brain, Health

Sensation, Perception, and Action

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

Filters