Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

After Brainiac brings home a report card with all As, his parents (who want to make sure this behavior continues in the future) give him a new car (something that he really wanted). It appears that Brainiac's parents are attempting to use _____ to keep Brainiac's grades up.

According to Erikson, the last psychosocial stage of development involves the conflict of _____ versus despair.

When a behavior is ignored (not reinforced), it tends to go away. This statement describes the operant consequence of _____.

Four-year-old Ed says, "Mommy, when I grow up I want to marry you and be your husband." Given this statement, Ed appears to be experiencing a(n) _____ complex.

During the _____ stage of development, individuals lack the ability to use symbols.

Punishment

Which perspective argues that human development takes many paths and is minimally influenced by physiological factors?

_____ championed the position called constructivism.

Freud believed that unconscious motivation played no role in human behavior.

According to Erikson, teenagers struggle with the crisis of generativity versus stagnation.

In operant conditioning, _____ occurs when something pleasant is added to a situation and, as a result, the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring is strengthened.

Erikson's theory is different from Freud's because it

Which of the following is a key criticism of Erikson's theory of personality development?

The key "cognitive" aspect of social cognitive theory involving deliberate exercise of control over both one's environment and one's life is called

Who would best be described as an influential systems theorist?

According to Freud, the personality component underlying the crying of a hungry newborn is called the

According to Freud, I am the component of personality that is impulsive, irrational, and driven to satisfy instincts. I am the

After her mother says, "No, you may not eat any cookies" Sandra takes some cookies from the cookie jar and eats them when her mother isn't looking. Later, she feels badly because she knows this was not a good thing to do. Sandra's attitude indicates that her

Regression is one example of a defense mechanism.

Hank is upset with his son for keeping his room so messy. His neighbor, Boomhauer, suggests that Hank give his son a dollar for cleaning his room on Saturday mornings, because he believes that doing so will increase the probability of his son cleaning his room in the future. Hank's approach is most similar to research conducted by which of the following theorists?