Question 1

Instincts are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  inborn biological forces that motivate behavior. 
B)  experiences that motivate behavior. 
C)  inborn biological forces that inhibit behavior. 
D)  experiences that inhibit behavior. 
A)  inborn biological forces that motivate behavior. 
B)  experiences that motivate behavior. 
C)  inborn biological forces that inhibit behavior. 
D)  experiences that inhibit behavior.

Question 2

Jerome believes that development proceeds through a series of developmental stages, each of which represents distinct changes. He might best be called a(n) _____ theorist.

Accepted Answer

A)  discontinuity 
B)  learning 
C)  activity 
D)  context-specificity 
A)  discontinuity 
B)  learning 
C)  activity 
D)  context-specificity

Question 3

Dr. Love believes that it is normal for a six-month-old to throw tantrums when she doesn't immediately get what she wants. Dr. Love's views are most in line with those of

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget. 
B)  Freud. 
C)  Skinner. 
D)  Bandura. 
A)  Piaget. 
B)  Freud. 
C)  Skinner. 
D)  Bandura.

Question 4

Bandura is best known for developing _____ cognitive theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bandura is best known for developing _____...

Question 5

Cindy watches her big sister, Marsha, get ready for a big date by applying a lot of eye makeup. Cindy decides that the eye makeup would look good on her but decides to wait a while to get ready. When Marsha and Cindy come downstairs, their mother Carol screams at Marsha and tells her to go back upstairs and remove the eye makeup. Later, when Cindy is getting ready to go out, she looks at the makeup on her dresser and decides against putting it on. What concept best explains Cindy's decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Defense mechanisms 
C)  Vicarious reinforcement 
D)  Regression 
A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Defense mechanisms 
C)  Vicarious reinforcement 
D)  Regression

Question 6

People and their environments and the relations between the two change over time and unfold in particular patterns or sequences over a person's lifetime. This illustrates the

Accepted Answer

A)  chronosystem. 
B)  exosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  mesosystem. 
A)  chronosystem. 
B)  exosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  mesosystem.

Question 7

Who would be most likely to believe that the horrible-sounding music his band is playing actually sounds good, just because he wants the band to sound good?

Accepted Answer

A)  John, a preoperational thinker 
B)  Paul, a concrete operational thinker 
C)  George, a formal operations thinker 
D)  Ringo, a postformal operations thinker 
A)  John, a preoperational thinker 
B)  Paul, a concrete operational thinker 
C)  George, a formal operations thinker 
D)  Ringo, a postformal operations thinker

Question 8

_____ is best associated with operant conditioning theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget 
B)  Vygotsky 
C)  Bronfenbrenner 
D)  Skinner 
A)  Piaget 
B)  Vygotsky 
C)  Bronfenbrenner 
D)  Skinner

Question 9

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

Accepted Answer

A)  a want and a desire. 
B)  genes and environmental experience. 
C)  a person, his or her behavior, and the environment. 
D)  a reinforcement and a consequence. 
A)  a want and a desire. 
B)  genes and environmental experience. 
C)  a person, his or her behavior, and the environment. 
D)  a reinforcement and a consequence.

Question 10

A theorist who relies on a combination of theories rather than relying on a single theory is said to be taking a(n) _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A theorist who relies on a combination...

Question 11

Which theoretical camp suggests that we should study only what we can directly observe and measure (i.e., overt behaviors)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorism 
B)  Psychoanalysis 
C)  Constructivism 
D)  Epigenesis 
A)  Behaviorism 
B)  Psychoanalysis 
C)  Constructivism 
D)  Epigenesis

Question 12

Rachel is 15 years old. She spends countless hours alone and in conversation with her peers trying to figure out what it is she wants to do with her life. Rachel is in which of the following of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identity versus role confusion 
B)  Industry versus inferiority 
C)  Initiative versus guilt 
D)  Intimacy versus isolation 
A)  Identity versus role confusion 
B)  Industry versus inferiority 
C)  Initiative versus guilt 
D)  Intimacy versus isolation

Question 13

In operant conditioning terms, _____ occurs when something unpleasant is added and the result is a decreased response rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 14

Which of the following best characterizes Freud's position on the nature-nurture issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  He emphasized nurture more than nature. 
B)  He emphasized nature more than nurture. 
C)  He emphasized both nature and nurture equally. 
D)  He did not really take a stand on this issue. 
A)  He emphasized nurture more than nature. 
B)  He emphasized nature more than nurture. 
C)  He emphasized both nature and nurture equally. 
D)  He did not really take a stand on this issue.

Question 15

Which defense mechanism involves removing unacceptable thoughts from consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction formation 
B)  Projection 
C)  Regression 
D)  Repression 
A)  Reaction formation 
B)  Projection 
C)  Regression 
D)  Repression

Question 16

Discontinuity theorists believe that development involves primarily quantitative changes in human behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Extinction impacts a behavior by

Accepted Answer

A)  making it less likely to occur. 
B)  making it more likely to occur. 
C)  making desired behavior more likely and undesired behaviors less likely. 
D)  making undesired behavior more likely and desired behaviors less likely. 
A)  making it less likely to occur. 
B)  making it more likely to occur. 
C)  making desired behavior more likely and undesired behaviors less likely. 
D)  making undesired behavior more likely and desired behaviors less likely.

Question 18

Which statement best exemplifies the perspective held by most 21st century developmentalists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extreme black-and-white positions are in vogue. 
B)  Freudian ideas (especially those concerning the issues of child sexual fantasy) are more accepted than ever. 
C)  Learning approaches are effective at describing the development of thoughts but not effective at explaining the acquisition of behaviors. 
D)  Humans and their environments mutually interact to influence development. 
A)  Extreme black-and-white positions are in vogue. 
B)  Freudian ideas (especially those concerning the issues of child sexual fantasy) are more accepted than ever. 
C)  Learning approaches are effective at describing the development of thoughts but not effective at explaining the acquisition of behaviors. 
D)  Humans and their environments mutually interact to influence development.

Question 19

Many people suggest that violence in teenagers is due to the violent images they view in movies and video games. How would Skinner, Bandura, and Vygotsky react to this suggestion?

Accepted Answer

Skinner, a behaviorist, would likely arg

Question 20

In Bronfenbrenner's theory, linkages involving social setings that individuals do not experience directly but that can still influence their development are called the

Accepted Answer

A)  chronosystem. 
B)  exosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  mesosystem. 
A)  chronosystem. 
B)  exosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  mesosystem.

Instincts are best described as

Jerome believes that development proceeds through a series of developmental stages, each of which represents distinct changes. He might best be called a(n) _____ theorist.

Dr. Love believes that it is normal for a six-month-old to throw tantrums when she doesn't immediately get what she wants. Dr. Love's views are most in line with those of

Bandura is best known for developing _____ cognitive theory.

People and their environments and the relations between the two change over time and unfold in particular patterns or sequences over a person's lifetime. This illustrates the

Who would be most likely to believe that the horrible-sounding music his band is playing actually sounds good, just because he wants the band to sound good?

_____ is best associated with operant conditioning theory.

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

A theorist who relies on a combination of theories rather than relying on a single theory is said to be taking a(n) _____ approach.

Which theoretical camp suggests that we should study only what we can directly observe and measure (i.e., overt behaviors)?

Rachel is 15 years old. She spends countless hours alone and in conversation with her peers trying to figure out what it is she wants to do with her life. Rachel is in which of the following of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

In operant conditioning terms, _____ occurs when something unpleasant is added and the result is a decreased response rate.

Which of the following best characterizes Freud's position on the nature-nurture issue?

Which defense mechanism involves removing unacceptable thoughts from consciousness?

Discontinuity theorists believe that development involves primarily quantitative changes in human behavior.

Extinction impacts a behavior by

Which statement best exemplifies the perspective held by most 21st century developmentalists?

Many people suggest that violence in teenagers is due to the violent images they view in movies and video games. How would Skinner, Bandura, and Vygotsky react to this suggestion?

In Bronfenbrenner's theory, linkages involving social setings that individuals do not experience directly but that can still influence their development are called the

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Body, Brain, Health

Sensation, Perception, and Action

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

Instincts are best described as

Jerome believes that development proceeds through a series of developmental stages, each of which represents distinct changes. He might best be called a(n) _____ theorist.

Dr. Love believes that it is normal for a six-month-old to throw tantrums when she doesn't immediately get what she wants. Dr. Love's views are most in line with those of

Bandura is best known for developing _____ cognitive theory.

People and their environments and the relations between the two change over time and unfold in particular patterns or sequences over a person's lifetime. This illustrates the

Who would be most likely to believe that the horrible-sounding music his band is playing actually sounds good, just because he wants the band to sound good?

_____ is best associated with operant conditioning theory.

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

A theorist who relies on a combination of theories rather than relying on a single theory is said to be taking a(n) _____ approach.

Which theoretical camp suggests that we should study only what we can directly observe and measure (i.e., overt behaviors)?

Rachel is 15 years old. She spends countless hours alone and in conversation with her peers trying to figure out what it is she wants to do with her life. Rachel is in which of the following of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

In operant conditioning terms, _____ occurs when something unpleasant is added and the result is a decreased response rate.

Which of the following best characterizes Freud's position on the nature-nurture issue?

Which defense mechanism involves removing unacceptable thoughts from consciousness?

Discontinuity theorists believe that development involves primarily quantitative changes in human behavior.

Extinction impacts a behavior by

Which statement best exemplifies the perspective held by most 21st century developmentalists?

Many people suggest that violence in teenagers is due to the violent images they view in movies and video games. How would Skinner, Bandura, and Vygotsky react to this suggestion?

In Bronfenbrenner's theory, linkages involving social setings that individuals do not experience directly but that can still influence their development are called the

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Body, Brain, Health

Sensation, Perception, and Action

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

Filters