Question 1

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes,three polymerase

Question 2

There is some indication that the code is in some way ordered; a certain pattern exists.Describe an observation that supports this view.

Accepted Answer

Certain amino acids may be grouped accor

Question 3

The relationship between a gene and a messenger RNA is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  genes are made from mRNAs 
B)  mRNAs are made from genes 
C)  mRNAs make proteins, which then code for genes 
D)  all genes are made from mRNAs 
E)  mRNA is directly responsible for making Okazaki fragments 
A)  genes are made from mRNAs 
B)  mRNAs are made from genes 
C)  mRNAs make proteins, which then code for genes 
D)  all genes are made from mRNAs 
E)  mRNA is directly responsible for making Okazaki fragments

Question 4

RNA processing occurs when amino acids are removed from nascent proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The triplet AUG is commonly used as a start codon during translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The genetic code is said to be triplet,meaning that there ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are three amino acids per base in mRNA 
B)  are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid 
C)  may be three ways in which an amino acid may terminate a chain 
D)  are three "nonsense" triplets 
E)  none of the above 
A)  are three amino acids per base in mRNA 
B)  are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid 
C)  may be three ways in which an amino acid may terminate a chain 
D)  are three "nonsense" triplets 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species,one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved,but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

Accepted Answer

A)  exons; introns 
B)  introns; exons 
C)  introns; chaperons 
D)  chaperons; exons 
E)  introns; proteins 
A)  exons; introns 
B)  introns; exons 
C)  introns; chaperons 
D)  chaperons; exons 
E)  introns; proteins

Question 8

Sidney Brenner argued that the code was nonoverlapping because he considered that coding restrictions would occur if it were overlapping.A second major argument against an overlapping code involved the effect of a single nucleotide change.In an overlapping code,how many adjacent amino acids would be affected by a point mutation? In a nonoverlapping code,how many amino acid(s)would be affected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sidney Brenner argued that the code was...

Question 9

In 1964,Nirenberg and Leder used the triplet binding assay to determine specific codon assignments.A complex of which of the following components was trapped in the nitrocellulose filter?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes and DNA 
B)  free tRNAs 
C)  charged tRNA, RNA triplet, and ribosome 
D)  uncharged tRNAs and ribosomes 
E)  sense and antisense strands of DNA 
A)  ribosomes and DNA 
B)  free tRNAs 
C)  charged tRNA, RNA triplet, and ribosome 
D)  uncharged tRNAs and ribosomes 
E)  sense and antisense strands of DNA

Question 10

Which of the following contains the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-capping, 3′-poly(
A)  tail addition, splicing 
B)  3′-capping, 5′-poly(
A)  tail addition, splicing 
C)  removal of exons, insertion of introns, capping 
D)  5′-poly(
A)  tail addition, insertion of introns, capping 
E)  heteroduplex formation, base modification, capping 
A)  5′-capping, 3′-poly(
A)  tail addition, splicing 
B)  3′-capping, 5′-poly(
A)  tail addition, splicing 
C)  removal of exons, insertion of introns, capping 
D)  5′-poly(
A)  tail addition, insertion of introns, capping 
E)  heteroduplex formation, base modification, capping

Question 11

List four base triplets that are clearly responsible for punctuation (initiation,termination).

Accepted Answer

AUG (rarely GUG)for

Question 12

What is the name given to the three bases in a messenger RNA that bind to the anticodon of tRNA to specify an amino acid placement in a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  anti-anticodon 
C)  cistron 
D)  rho 
E)  codon 
A)  protein 
B)  anti-anticodon 
C)  cistron 
D)  rho 
E)  codon

Question 13

A 3′ poly-A tail and a 5′-cap are common components of prokaryotic RNAs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________.

Accepted Answer

hydrogen bonds betwe

Question 15

What is meant by punctuation in terms of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Certain triplets (AUG)commonly

Question 16

When examining the genetic code,it is apparent that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there can be more than one amino acid for a particular codon 
B)  AUG is a terminating codon 
C)  there can be more than one codon for a particular amino acid 
D)  the code is ambiguous in that the same codon can code for two or more amino acids 
E)  there are 44 stop codons because there are only 20 amino acids 
A)  there can be more than one amino acid for a particular codon 
B)  AUG is a terminating codon 
C)  there can be more than one codon for a particular amino acid 
D)  the code is ambiguous in that the same codon can code for two or more amino acids 
E)  there are 44 stop codons because there are only 20 amino acids

Question 17

The finding that virtually all organisms use the same genetic code provides the basis for declaring that the code is universal.Name at least two exceptions to such universality.

Accepted Answer

mitochondrial DNA,My

Question 18

What is polycistronic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Polycistronic mRNA is seen pri

Question 19

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms.The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  universal 
B)  exceptional 
C)  trans-specific 
D)  overlapping 
E)  none of the above 
A)  universal 
B)  exceptional 
C)  trans-specific 
D)  overlapping 
E)  none of the above

Question 20

In eukaryotes,which three factors appear to encourage the specific association of RNA polymerase(s)to a specific region of DNA?

Accepted Answer

promoters,

Exam 13: The Genetic Code and Transcription

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

There is some indication that the code is in some way ordered; a certain pattern exists.Describe an observation that supports this view.

The relationship between a gene and a messenger RNA is that ________.

RNA processing occurs when amino acids are removed from nascent proteins.

The triplet AUG is commonly used as a start codon during translation.

The genetic code is said to be triplet,meaning that there ________.

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species,one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved,but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

In 1964,Nirenberg and Leder used the triplet binding assay to determine specific codon assignments.A complex of which of the following components was trapped in the nitrocellulose filter?

Which of the following contains the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes?

List four base triplets that are clearly responsible for punctuation (initiation,termination).

What is the name given to the three bases in a messenger RNA that bind to the anticodon of tRNA to specify an amino acid placement in a protein?

A 3′ poly-A tail and a 5′-cap are common components of prokaryotic RNAs.

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________.

What is meant by punctuation in terms of the genetic code?

When examining the genetic code,it is apparent that ________.

The finding that virtually all organisms use the same genetic code provides the basis for declaring that the code is universal.Name at least two exceptions to such universality.

What is polycistronic mRNA?

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms.The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is ________.

In eukaryotes,which three factors appear to encourage the specific association of RNA polymerase(s)to a specific region of DNA?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genomics, bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species,one is likely to find that corresponding are usually conserved,but the sequences of are much less well conserved.