Question 1

Which of the following statements is/are true about case-control designs?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They are rarely feasible. 
B)  Data must be collected at multiple points in time.​ 
C)  Retrospective data are collected about past differences that might explain differences in outcome.​ 
D)  We can usually be highly confident about their internal and external validity.​ 
E)  ​We can usually be highly confident about the direction of causal influence. 
A)  ​They are rarely feasible. 
B)  Data must be collected at multiple points in time.​ 
C)  Retrospective data are collected about past differences that might explain differences in outcome.​ 
D)  We can usually be highly confident about their internal and external validity.​ 
E)  ​We can usually be highly confident about the direction of causal influence. C

Question 2

Qualitative methods offer a number of techniques that on-site research staff members can use in attempting to observe research implementation pitfalls.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​The intervention being tested is almost always implemented in the intended fashion. 
B)  ​The control condition almost never is contaminated by interaction between clients in the experimental and control groups. 
C)  ​Practitioners might violate the research protocol for case assignment to make sure that clients receive the intervention being evaluated. 
D)  ​Outside agencies can be relied upon to refer enough clients to ensure obtaining a sufficient sample size. 
A)  ​The intervention being tested is almost always implemented in the intended fashion. 
B)  ​The control condition almost never is contaminated by interaction between clients in the experimental and control groups. 
C)  ​Practitioners might violate the research protocol for case assignment to make sure that clients receive the intervention being evaluated. 
D)  ​Outside agencies can be relied upon to refer enough clients to ensure obtaining a sufficient sample size. C

Question 4

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for maturation.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Identify and explain four practical pitfalls commonly encountered when carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies.​

Accepted Answer

1. Selection bias: This occurs when the

Question 6

Nonequivalent comparison groups designs can be strengthened by:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​using multiple pretests or switching replications. 
B)  using smaller sample sizes.​ 
C)  using no pretests​ 
D)  using replication without switching.​ 
A)  ​using multiple pretests or switching replications. 
B)  using smaller sample sizes.​ 
C)  using no pretests​ 
D)  using replication without switching.​

Question 7

After the delivery of their baby, new parents in hospital A were given a poison-control test. While at the hospital they attended a training session on poison control. At the end of a week, they were given the poison-control test again. After the delivery of their baby, new parents in hospital B were given the poison-control test. One week later they were given the test again. What kind of design is being used?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pretest-posttest control group: 
B)  time series.​ 
C)  nonequivalent comparison group:​ 
D)  cross-sectional design.​ 
E)  ​multiple time-series. 
A)  ​pretest-posttest control group: 
B)  time series.​ 
C)  nonequivalent comparison group:​ 
D)  cross-sectional design.​ 
E)  ​multiple time-series.

Question 8

Which of the following is/are NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​It is conducted at only one point in time. 
B)  It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory.​ 
C)  It concentrates on the changes that take place within a specific sample over a period of time.​ 
D)  It provides a means for studying a large variation in the population at the same point in time.​ 
A)  ​It is conducted at only one point in time. 
B)  It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory.​ 
C)  It concentrates on the changes that take place within a specific sample over a period of time.​ 
D)  It provides a means for studying a large variation in the population at the same point in time.​

Question 9

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for statistical regression.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies and the case control design.​

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional studies and case control

Question 11

The best way to avoid contaminating the control condition is to locate the experimental and control conditions in the same building​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 2.​

Accepted Answer

Qualitative methods can be used to avoid

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about client recruitment and retention in experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations in social work agencies?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Referring agencies almost never dump clients that they don't want to serve. 
B)  ​Referring agencies are usually eager to refer clients. 
C)  ​Referring agencies might resent having their referrals assigned to a control condition. 
D)  ​Clients usually welcome the use of randomized procedures to determine which service they receive. 
A)  ​Referring agencies almost never dump clients that they don't want to serve. 
B)  ​Referring agencies are usually eager to refer clients. 
C)  ​Referring agencies might resent having their referrals assigned to a control condition. 
D)  ​Clients usually welcome the use of randomized procedures to determine which service they receive.

Question 14

When selecting a comparison group in a quasi-experimental design, one should:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​select a group unlike the experimental group: 
B)  select a group as similar as possible to the experimental group:​ 
C)  use random assignment.​ 
D)  avoid the use of switching replications.​ 
A)  ​select a group unlike the experimental group: 
B)  select a group as similar as possible to the experimental group:​ 
C)  use random assignment.​ 
D)  avoid the use of switching replications.​

Question 15

To avoid or alleviate practical pitfalls when carrying out experiments in social work agencies, researchers should:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Include agency staff in the research planning phase. 
B)  ​Keep research staff away from program staff during the study. 
C)  ​Avoid developing or using treatment manuals for the experimental or control conditions. 
D)  ​Refrain from recruiting clients on an ongoing basis throughout the study. 
A)  ​Include agency staff in the research planning phase. 
B)  ​Keep research staff away from program staff during the study. 
C)  ​Avoid developing or using treatment manuals for the experimental or control conditions. 
D)  ​Refrain from recruiting clients on an ongoing basis throughout the study.

Question 16

Explain why the validity of quasi-experimental designs is strengthened by using multiple pretests, switching replications, and selecting a comparison group as similar as possible to the experimental group:​

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs are often use

Question 17

Cross-sectional designs have a high degree of internal validity because they show how causal processes occur over time.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Describe and explain the logical arrangements used in nonequivalent comparison groups designs, simple time-series designs, and multiple time-series designs.​

Accepted Answer

Nonequivalent comparison group designs i

Question 19

When we switch replications in a non-equivalent comparison group design, we:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​administer the treatment to the control group before posttesting. 
B)  can determine whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to the lack of comparability between the two groups.​ 
C)  decrease the chances of determining whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to a selection bias.​ 
D)  decrease the internal validity of the design.​ 
A)  ​administer the treatment to the control group before posttesting. 
B)  can determine whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to the lack of comparability between the two groups.​ 
C)  decrease the chances of determining whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to a selection bias.​ 
D)  decrease the internal validity of the design.​

Question 20

Quasi-experimental designs are often used instead of experimental designs because​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​agency constraints often make experiments infeasible. 
B)  they have more internal validity than experiments​ 
C)  quasi-experiments randomly assign participants to groups.​ 
D)  they use random assignment.​ 
A)  ​agency constraints often make experiments infeasible. 
B)  they have more internal validity than experiments​ 
C)  quasi-experiments randomly assign participants to groups.​ 
D)  they use random assignment.​

Exam 12: Quasi-Experimental Designs

Which of the following statements is/are true about case-control designs?​

Qualitative methods offer a number of techniques that on-site research staff members can use in attempting to observe research implementation pitfalls.​

Which of the following statements is true about carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies?​

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for maturation.​

Identify and explain four practical pitfalls commonly encountered when carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies.​

Nonequivalent comparison groups designs can be strengthened by:​

Which of the following is/are NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?​

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for statistical regression.​

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies and the case control design.​

The best way to avoid contaminating the control condition is to locate the experimental and control conditions in the same building​

Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 2.​

Which of the following statements is true about client recruitment and retention in experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations in social work agencies?​

When selecting a comparison group in a quasi-experimental design, one should:​

To avoid or alleviate practical pitfalls when carrying out experiments in social work agencies, researchers should:​

Explain why the validity of quasi-experimental designs is strengthened by using multiple pretests, switching replications, and selecting a comparison group as similar as possible to the experimental group:​

Cross-sectional designs have a high degree of internal validity because they show how causal processes occur over time.​

Describe and explain the logical arrangements used in nonequivalent comparison groups designs, simple time-series designs, and multiple time-series designs.​

When we switch replications in a non-equivalent comparison group design, we:​

Quasi-experimental designs are often used instead of experimental designs because​

Why Study Research

Evidence-Based Practice

Factors Influencing the Research Process

Comparing Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods of Inquiry

The Ethics and Politics of Social Work Research

Culturally Competent Research

Problem Formulation

Conceptualization in Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry

Measurement

Constructing Measurement Instruments

Causal Inference and Experimental Designs

Single-Case Evaluation Designs

Program Evaluation

Sampling

Survey Research

Analyzing Existing Data: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

Qualitative Research: General Principles

Qualitative Research: Specific Methods

Qualitative Data Analysis

Descriptive Data Analysis

Inferential Data Analysis

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Filters

Which of the following statements is/are true about case-control designs?

Qualitative methods offer a number of techniques that on-site research staff members can use in attempting to observe research implementation pitfalls.

Which of the following statements is true about carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies?

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for maturation.

Identify and explain four practical pitfalls commonly encountered when carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies.

Nonequivalent comparison groups designs can be strengthened by:

Which of the following is/are NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?

Time-series designs with many measurement points control for statistical regression.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies and the case control design.

The best way to avoid contaminating the control condition is to locate the experimental and control conditions in the same building

Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 2.

Which of the following statements is true about client recruitment and retention in experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations in social work agencies?

When selecting a comparison group in a quasi-experimental design, one should:

To avoid or alleviate practical pitfalls when carrying out experiments in social work agencies, researchers should:

Explain why the validity of quasi-experimental designs is strengthened by using multiple pretests, switching replications, and selecting a comparison group as similar as possible to the experimental group:

Cross-sectional designs have a high degree of internal validity because they show how causal processes occur over time.

Describe and explain the logical arrangements used in nonequivalent comparison groups designs, simple time-series designs, and multiple time-series designs.

When we switch replications in a non-equivalent comparison group design, we:

Quasi-experimental designs are often used instead of experimental designs because