Question 1

Research has demonstrated that the greatest variation in sentencing is accounted for more by ___________ than the actual facts of the case.

Accepted Answer

A) Information about the judge 
B) The defendant's gender 
C) Victim characteristics 
D) The defendant's race 
E) The way the lawyers present the case 
A) Information about the judge 
B) The defendant's gender 
C) Victim characteristics 
D) The defendant's race 
E) The way the lawyers present the case

Question 2

Which of the following is not true concerning results found from public opinion surveys examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole?

Accepted Answer

A) Canadians believe offenders are treated too harshly. 
B) Canadians support alternatives to prison under certain circumstances. 
C) Canadians have more confidence in the courts than they do in the police. 
D) both a and c 
E) both a and b 
A) Canadians believe offenders are treated too harshly. 
B) Canadians support alternatives to prison under certain circumstances. 
C) Canadians have more confidence in the courts than they do in the police. 
D) both a and c 
E) both a and b

Question 3

According to Canadian researchers,one of the most important problems with sentencing at the moment is:

Accepted Answer

A) high rates of offender recidivism even when harsh sentences are administered 
B) sentencing disparity 
C) prison overcrowding 
D) a lack of adequate research on sentencing in Canada 
E) the fact that the criminal justice system tends to hand down sentences that are too lenient 
A) high rates of offender recidivism even when harsh sentences are administered 
B) sentencing disparity 
C) prison overcrowding 
D) a lack of adequate research on sentencing in Canada 
E) the fact that the criminal justice system tends to hand down sentences that are too lenient

Question 4

According to recent opinion polls,the criminal justice institution in which the Canadian public tends to have most confidence is:

Accepted Answer

A) the police 
B) the federal government 
C) the National Parole Board 
D) the supreme court 
E) the provincial courts 
A) the police 
B) the federal government 
C) the National Parole Board 
D) the supreme court 
E) the provincial courts

Question 5

The first type of release an offender is typically granted is:

Accepted Answer

A) day parole 
B) full parole 
C) statutory release 
D) temporary absence 
E) partial parole 
A) day parole 
B) full parole 
C) statutory release 
D) temporary absence 
E) partial parole

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the myths surrounding parole in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A) Parole reduces sentences imposed by the courts 
B) Parole is automatically granted when an inmate becomes eligible for parole consideration 
C) The PBC grants parole to offenders who express remorse for the offences they have committed 
D) Most of the offenders released on parole are convicted of new crimes 
E) Victims play a key role in the parole process,and their views concerning personal and public safety are considered 
A) Parole reduces sentences imposed by the courts 
B) Parole is automatically granted when an inmate becomes eligible for parole consideration 
C) The PBC grants parole to offenders who express remorse for the offences they have committed 
D) Most of the offenders released on parole are convicted of new crimes 
E) Victims play a key role in the parole process,and their views concerning personal and public safety are considered

Question 7

Which of the following is a source of systematic sentencing disparity?

Accepted Answer

A) personality differences across judges 
B) a judge's mood fluctuations 
C) a judge's level of fatigue 
D) both b and c 
E) none of the above 
A) personality differences across judges 
B) a judge's mood fluctuations 
C) a judge's level of fatigue 
D) both b and c 
E) none of the above

Question 8

The most common manner of examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole is through:

Accepted Answer

A) simulation studies 
B) focus groups 
C) public opinion surveys 
D) field studies 
E) none of the above 
A) simulation studies 
B) focus groups 
C) public opinion surveys 
D) field studies 
E) none of the above

Question 9

By law,most federal inmates must be granted ____________ after serving ________ of their sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) temporary absence/one-third 
B) temporary absence/half 
C) statutory release/two-thirds 
D) statutory release/three-quarters 
E) none of the above 
A) temporary absence/one-third 
B) temporary absence/half 
C) statutory release/two-thirds 
D) statutory release/three-quarters 
E) none of the above

Question 10

A member of Canada Post has been charged with violating personal rights as he was opening and reading letters that were not addressed to him while sorting mail for his route.This Canada Post worker would be tried in what type of court?

Accepted Answer

A) Administrative Tribunal 
B) Gladue Court 
C) Provincial Superior Court 
D) Federal Court 
E) Tax Court of Canada 
A) Administrative Tribunal 
B) Gladue Court 
C) Provincial Superior Court 
D) Federal Court 
E) Tax Court of Canada

Question 11

Typically in Canada,an incarcerated offender is first eligible for full parole after having served ___________ of his/her sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) one-quarter 
B) one-third 
C) half 
D) two-thirds 
E) three-quarters 
A) one-quarter 
B) one-third 
C) half 
D) two-thirds 
E) three-quarters

Question 12

Parole involves all of the following principles,except:

Accepted Answer

A) an attempt to rehabilitate offenders so they can become productive contributors to society. 
B) to reduce sentences imposed by the courts. 
C) a high degree of community supervision to ensure the parolee is abiding by certain rules. 
D) the conditional release of offenders into a community. 
E) a clause that revokes parole if conditions are not complied with. 
A) an attempt to rehabilitate offenders so they can become productive contributors to society. 
B) to reduce sentences imposed by the courts. 
C) a high degree of community supervision to ensure the parolee is abiding by certain rules. 
D) the conditional release of offenders into a community. 
E) a clause that revokes parole if conditions are not complied with.

Question 13

Which of the following would not be considered a Gladue factor in Aboriginal Courts?

Accepted Answer

A) Attendance at a residential school 
B) Lack of employment 
C) Substance abuse 
D) Strong cultural identification 
E) Exposure to abuse 
A) Attendance at a residential school 
B) Lack of employment 
C) Substance abuse 
D) Strong cultural identification 
E) Exposure to abuse

Question 14

According to your textbook,which of the following is an example of a criminogenic need?

Accepted Answer

A) an offender's self-esteem 
B) childhood sexual abuse 
C) age at first offence 
D) socioeconomic status 
E) antisocial attitudes 
A) an offender's self-esteem 
B) childhood sexual abuse 
C) age at first offence 
D) socioeconomic status 
E) antisocial attitudes

Question 15

Sentencing guidelines,such as mandatory minimum sentences and starting point sentences,have been utilized to:

Accepted Answer

A) promote rehabilitation rather than incarceration. 
B) "crack down" on crime by increasing sentence severity. 
C) increase leniency towards offenders with mitigating circumstances. 
D) reduce sentencing disparity between and within judges. 
E) provide juries with better instructions on how they should sentence offenders. 
A) promote rehabilitation rather than incarceration. 
B) "crack down" on crime by increasing sentence severity. 
C) increase leniency towards offenders with mitigating circumstances. 
D) reduce sentencing disparity between and within judges. 
E) provide juries with better instructions on how they should sentence offenders.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a potential explanation for Aboriginal overrepresentation in the prison system?

Accepted Answer

A) Aboriginal people commit more crimes than non-Aboriginal people. 
B) Compared to non-Aboriginal people,Aboriginal people commit crimes that are more likely to result in prison sentences. 
C) Aboriginal people have greater access to adequate legal representation compared to non-Aboriginal people. 
D) Aboriginal are more economically disadvantaged than non-Aboriginal people and thus are impacted more by criminal justice practices such as the use of fines. 
E) There is systemic racism in the criminal justice system,which negatively impacts Aboriginal people. 
A) Aboriginal people commit more crimes than non-Aboriginal people. 
B) Compared to non-Aboriginal people,Aboriginal people commit crimes that are more likely to result in prison sentences. 
C) Aboriginal people have greater access to adequate legal representation compared to non-Aboriginal people. 
D) Aboriginal are more economically disadvantaged than non-Aboriginal people and thus are impacted more by criminal justice practices such as the use of fines. 
E) There is systemic racism in the criminal justice system,which negatively impacts Aboriginal people.

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the "creative" sentencing options discussed in your text that have been handed down by judges in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) Wearing chicken suits 
B) New age anger management classes 
C) Unpaid work for a septic company 
D) Listening to classical music 
E) Males dressing as women 
A) Wearing chicken suits 
B) New age anger management classes 
C) Unpaid work for a septic company 
D) Listening to classical music 
E) Males dressing as women

Question 18

Sentencing an offender with the goal of reducing the probability that members of the community will violate the law is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) restorative justice 
B) reparative justice 
C) specific deterrence 
D) systematic disparity 
E) general deterrence 
A) restorative justice 
B) reparative justice 
C) specific deterrence 
D) systematic disparity 
E) general deterrence

Question 19

The Canadian Criminal Code outlines several principles of sentencing.Which of the following is not included in these principles?

Accepted Answer

A) Sentences should be adjusted to account for relevant aggravating circumstances. 
B) Sentences should be adjusted to account for relevant mitigating circumstances. 
C) Judges should consider multiple goals when handing down sentences. 
D) Where consecutive sentences are imposed,the combined sentence should not be unduly harsh. 
E) If possible,sentences other than imprisonment should be considered. 
A) Sentences should be adjusted to account for relevant aggravating circumstances. 
B) Sentences should be adjusted to account for relevant mitigating circumstances. 
C) Judges should consider multiple goals when handing down sentences. 
D) Where consecutive sentences are imposed,the combined sentence should not be unduly harsh. 
E) If possible,sentences other than imprisonment should be considered.

Question 20

Restorative justice refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) An approach that focuses on restoring the balance between right and wrong-doing and employs harsh punishment techniques 
B) An approach that emphasizes access to rehabilitation resources while offenders are in prison to minimize future offending. 
C) An approach used to heal those affected by the criminal act (victims,offenders,and community) 
D) An approach that recognizes that life factors need to be addressed throughout corrections in order to restore a person to a law-abiding citizen. 
E) An approach that employs a mandatory program in prison called "recover and restore" to address offender remorse,reparations,and positive behavioural changes. 
A) An approach that focuses on restoring the balance between right and wrong-doing and employs harsh punishment techniques 
B) An approach that emphasizes access to rehabilitation resources while offenders are in prison to minimize future offending. 
C) An approach used to heal those affected by the criminal act (victims,offenders,and community) 
D) An approach that recognizes that life factors need to be addressed throughout corrections in order to restore a person to a law-abiding citizen. 
E) An approach that employs a mandatory program in prison called "recover and restore" to address offender remorse,reparations,and positive behavioural changes.

Exam 9: A: Sentencing and Parole in Canada

Research has demonstrated that the greatest variation in sentencing is accounted for more by ___________ than the actual facts of the case.

Which of the following is not true concerning results found from public opinion surveys examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole?

According to Canadian researchers,one of the most important problems with sentencing at the moment is:

According to recent opinion polls,the criminal justice institution in which the Canadian public tends to have most confidence is:

The first type of release an offender is typically granted is:

Which of the following is not one of the myths surrounding parole in Canada?

Which of the following is a source of systematic sentencing disparity?

The most common manner of examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole is through:

By law,most federal inmates must be granted ____________ after serving ________ of their sentence.

A member of Canada Post has been charged with violating personal rights as he was opening and reading letters that were not addressed to him while sorting mail for his route.This Canada Post worker would be tried in what type of court?

Typically in Canada,an incarcerated offender is first eligible for full parole after having served ___________ of his/her sentence.

Parole involves all of the following principles,except:

Which of the following would not be considered a Gladue factor in Aboriginal Courts?

According to your textbook,which of the following is an example of a criminogenic need?

Sentencing guidelines,such as mandatory minimum sentences and starting point sentences,have been utilized to:

Which of the following is not a potential explanation for Aboriginal overrepresentation in the prison system?

Which of the following is not one of the "creative" sentencing options discussed in your text that have been handed down by judges in the United States?

Sentencing an offender with the goal of reducing the probability that members of the community will violate the law is known as:

The Canadian Criminal Code outlines several principles of sentencing.Which of the following is not included in these principles?

Restorative justice refers to:

A: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

B: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

A: Police Psychology

B: Police Psychology

A: The Psychology of Police Investigations

B: The Psychology of Police Investigations

A: Deception

B: Deception

A: Eyewitness Testimony

B: Eyewitness Testimony

A: Child Victims and Witnesses

B: Child Victims and Witnesses

A: Juries: Fact Finders

B: Juries: Fact Finders

A: The Role of Mental Illness in Court

B: The Role of Mental Illness in Court

B: Sentencing and Parole in Canada

A: Risk Assessment

B: Risk Assessment

A: Psychopaths

B: Psychopaths

A: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

B: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

A: Intimate Partner Violence

B: Intimate Partner Violence

A: Sexual Offenders

B: Sexual Offenders

A: Homicidal Offenders

B: Homicidal Offenders

Filters

By law,most federal inmates must be granted ____ after serving of their sentence.