Exam 6: Learning

Carolyn is training her new puppy Ollie using a method called clicker training. The first step is to click a clicker and give Ollie a treat. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus is ____.

Reznick is coaching baseball with some eight-year-olds. He is working with the catchers on learning to get closer to the batter, but they are afraid of getting hit with the bat. Using social learning techniques, how can you help Reznick?

What is an example of an orienting reflex?

Which statement is TRUE about spontaneous recovery?

Felicia has learned that if she washes the dishes her roommate, Millie, will stop nagging her about them. Millie is using ____.

A squirrel is scurrying around hunting for acorns. Every once in a while, it pauses to look around before resuming its quest. Describe the squirrel's behavior in terms of orientation and habituation.

All examples of classical conditioning begin with a preexisting relationship between the ____.

The neutral stimulus in Pavlov's original studies was ____.

At first, Sally thought it was funny when her five-year-old used bad language, and she would laugh despite herself. However, Sally soon realized that she was encouraging this behavior, and she stopped laughing when her child used inappropriate language. But to her dismay, as soon as Sally decided not to laugh anymore, the child began to use bad language more often before she finally stopped using it. What best explains why the child's inappropriate behavior increased temporarily?

Compared to other classically conditioned responses, taste aversions are unique in that ____.

Identify the four different types of partial reinforcement and provide a real-world example of each.

Xiao-ping has learned that if she whines to her mother, she will get candy. Based on this experience, Xiao-ping starts whining to her father, too, in hopes of getting candy. Xiao-ping is illustrating ____.

What do Albert Bandura, Wolfgang Kohler, and Edward Tolman all have in common?

The genetic tendency to learn certain responses very easily is called ____.

Michele is completely frustrated by Felicia, her three-year-old, who loves to pound on pots and pans with a wooden spoon. Michele has yelled at Felicia with no effect. A friend suggested ignoring Felicia, as perhaps Michele's attention was helping to reinforce Felicia's behavior. Michele tried her friend's advice, but Felicia just made more noise. From an operant perspective, how would you interpret what happened?

Don is delighted when he successfully conditions his roommate, Lloyd, to cringe at the sound of the squeaky drawer by pairing the squeak with a table tennis ball to his roommate's head. He decides to continue his classical conditioning experiment and creates another squeaky noise by dragging his chair across the floor. At first, Lloyd cringes at the new squeak, illustrating ____.

Don wants to classically condition his roommate, Lloyd, to cringe whenever Don opens the squeaky drawer on his desk. To do this, Don decides to wait until his Lloyd is studying. Don will open the drawer and then toss a table tennis ball toward his roommate's head. Don knows it is important to coordinate the squeaking from the drawer and tossing the ball so they are close together in time. Don is concerned about ____.

Don is delighted when he successfully conditions his roommate, Lloyd, to cringe at the sound of the squeaky drawer by pairing the squeak with a table tennis ball to his roommate's head. He decides to continue his experiment with classical conditioning and creates another squeaky noise by dragging his chair across the floor. At first Lloyd cringes at the new squeak, but with continued "trials" in which the drawer squeak is paired with a table tennis ball to the head but the chair squeak is not, Lloyd stops cringing to the chair squeak, illustrating ____.

Which statement is TRUE regarding acquisition and extinction?

Yanna used to date a man who wore a lime-scented aftershave. Yanna was very attracted to this man, and now when she smells the scent of lime, she finds herself feeling slightly aroused. In this example, the man Yanna used to date is the ____.