Exam 6: Learning

Harsh punishment ____.

A neutral stimulus is defined as one that ____.

In a continuous reinforcement schedule, ____.

Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning through his research on ____.

Joseph goes out with his friends for pizza. Unbeknownst to him, he is coming down with a stomach virus. When the nausea associated with the virus kicks in, he vomits. Now, Joseph cannot even look at a pizza without feeling nauseous. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is ____.

Positive reinforcement is to ____ as negative reinforcement is to ____.

Shera was five years old when she was bitten by a dog, which made her fearful of dogs until her early teens, when she got used to being around the dogs of a several friends. Years later, when a man with a dog moved in next door, Shera temporarily again became afraid of all dogs. This is an example of ____.

B. F. Skinner introduced what concept related to Thorndike's law of effect?

Which of the following schedules of reinforcement creates a response that is more highly resistant to extinction than the others? .

Tina has a heavy class load and is spending a lot of time studying, to the dismay of her beloved dog, Bobo. When Bobo walks over and puts his chin on Tina's leg, she pets him and gives him a treat from the bag she keeps in her desk drawer. As a consequence, he continues walking over and putting his chin on Tina's leg. Tina has used ____.

B. F. Skinner and Edward Tolman would have disagreed about the importance of ____ in affecting behavior.

Thorndike concluded that his cats were learning because ____.

Psychologists have taught children to like healthful vegetables by pairing new vegetable flavors with the flavor of sugar to produce liking. Specifically, they are using ____.

Which method will make punishment more effective?

Explain the four steps in Bandura's modeling process.

Skinner referred to the type of behavior learned from classical conditioning as ____, and the type of behavior learned from operant conditioning as ____.

Explain the difference between habituation and dishabituation.

After becoming bored with classically conditioning his roommate, Lloyd, to cringe at the sound of a squeaky drawer, Don decides to give Lloyd a break and he repeatedly squeaks the drawer without hitting Lloyd with a table tennis ball. What outcome is Don seeking?

According to the ____, behaviors that lead to positive consequences will be strengthened and behaviors that lead to negative consequences will be weakened.

Rick wants his daughter to spend more time studying. Which strategy is most likely to work for Rick?