Question 1

Regarding the study of thoughts or feelings, B. F. Skinner believed that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  people do not really have thoughts or feelings 
B)  thoughts and feelings cannot be studied scientifically 
C)  individuals make cognitive choices about how they respond to the environment 
D)  classical conditioning explains more behavior than does operant conditioning 
A)  people do not really have thoughts or feelings 
B)  thoughts and feelings cannot be studied scientifically 
C)  individuals make cognitive choices about how they respond to the environment 
D)  classical conditioning explains more behavior than does operant conditioning

Question 2

Traditionally, in a Skinner box, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  humans are observed as they try to learn how to escape 
B)  cats are observed as they try to learn how to escape 
C)  animals are exposed to different items to see which ones they learn to like the most 
D)  animals learn to hit a bar in order to receive a reward 
A)  humans are observed as they try to learn how to escape 
B)  cats are observed as they try to learn how to escape 
C)  animals are exposed to different items to see which ones they learn to like the most 
D)  animals learn to hit a bar in order to receive a reward

Question 3

According to the law of effect, if an organism commonly expresses a certain behavior, you can bet that the behavior ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  has been learned through the power of observational learning 
B)  has led to positive consequences in the past 
C)  has been punished in the past 
D)  is a result of positive reinforcement 
A)  has been learned through the power of observational learning 
B)  has led to positive consequences in the past 
C)  has been punished in the past 
D)  is a result of positive reinforcement

Question 4

Negative reinforcement leads to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in behavior 
B)  modeling of aggression 
C)  poor self-esteem 
D)  an increase in behavior 
A)  a decrease in behavior 
B)  modeling of aggression 
C)  poor self-esteem 
D)  an increase in behavior

Question 5

Extinction in operant conditioning occurs when the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus does not get reinforced 
B)  conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  behavior is no longer reinforced 
D)  individual consciously chooses not to engage in the behavior 
A)  neutral stimulus does not get reinforced 
B)  conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  behavior is no longer reinforced 
D)  individual consciously chooses not to engage in the behavior

Question 6

The orienting reflex describes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency to turn toward the source of some novel stimuli 
B)  the logical thinking processes we go through to figure something out 
C)  our sense of direction 
D)  our tendency to scan the entire visual field in order to sense the important information 
A)  the tendency to turn toward the source of some novel stimuli 
B)  the logical thinking processes we go through to figure something out 
C)  our sense of direction 
D)  our tendency to scan the entire visual field in order to sense the important information

Question 7

A ____ was considered the neutral stimulus in Watson's studies with "Little Albert."

Accepted Answer

A)  loud noise 
B)  white rat 
C)  bee 
D)  bee sting 
A)  loud noise 
B)  white rat 
C)  bee 
D)  bee sting

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of habituation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning to smoke cigarettes 
B)  Learning to ride a bike 
C)  Learning to ignore a barking dog 
D)  Learning to associate the smell of rose perfume with your grandmother 
A)  Learning to smoke cigarettes 
B)  Learning to ride a bike 
C)  Learning to ignore a barking dog 
D)  Learning to associate the smell of rose perfume with your grandmother

Question 9

Which of the following examples illustrate a US-UR pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swearing in front of your parent leads to a spanking. 
B)  Going to work leads to a paycheck. 
C)  An air puff in the eye elicits an eye blink. 
D)  Earning good grades leads to a college scholarship. 
A)  Swearing in front of your parent leads to a spanking. 
B)  Going to work leads to a paycheck. 
C)  An air puff in the eye elicits an eye blink. 
D)  Earning good grades leads to a college scholarship.

Question 10

According to the views of B. F. Skinner, if a behavior is commonly exhibited, you can be assured that it ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a product of conscious thought 
B)  has been reinforced 
C)  will never be extinguished completely 
D)  has been followed by a positive consequence every time is has been exhibited 
A)  is a product of conscious thought 
B)  has been reinforced 
C)  will never be extinguished completely 
D)  has been followed by a positive consequence every time is has been exhibited

Question 11

A researcher who uses a Skinner box to study behavior is probably studying ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  observational conditioning 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  respondent learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  observational conditioning 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 12

Which statement is TRUE regarding token economies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They place the behavior on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. 
B)  They can lead to behavior that is highly resistant to extinction. 
C)  They are effective in developing a number of behaviors in a group of people. 
D)  They allow for immediate reinforcement through a primary reinforcer. 
A)  They place the behavior on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. 
B)  They can lead to behavior that is highly resistant to extinction. 
C)  They are effective in developing a number of behaviors in a group of people. 
D)  They allow for immediate reinforcement through a primary reinforcer.

Question 13

Two very important factors that influence the strength of classical conditioning are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  validity and reliability 
B)  contiguity and contingency 
C)  congeniality and conviviality 
D)  spontaneity and flexibility 
A)  validity and reliability 
B)  contiguity and contingency 
C)  congeniality and conviviality 
D)  spontaneity and flexibility

Question 14

The orienting reflex in combination with habituation suggests that we ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  begin to learn only after we have developed the capacity to think 
B)  are different from animals in the way that we learn 
C)  are capable of learning even without the benefit of sensation 
D)  are more sensitive to new stimuli than repeated stimuli 
A)  begin to learn only after we have developed the capacity to think 
B)  are different from animals in the way that we learn 
C)  are capable of learning even without the benefit of sensation 
D)  are more sensitive to new stimuli than repeated stimuli

Question 15

In classical conditioning, an association is learned between the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response 
A)  neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response

Question 16

Wilson wants to use operant conditioning to teach his son to take out the trash. Every time his son takes out the trash, Wilson gives him a dollar. Wilson is employing what type of consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Negative reinforcement 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Negative punishment 
A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Negative reinforcement 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Negative punishment

Question 17

When Ivan Pavlov noticed that his dogs were salivating even before they were presented with meat, he ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gathered another group of dogs to determine if they would do the same thing 
B)  conducted research showing that his dogs could exhibit other types of behaviors in response to the presentation of meat 
C)  attempted to see if the dogs could learn to salivate to several different types of stimuli 
D)  abandoned his research and began studying operant conditioning 
A)  gathered another group of dogs to determine if they would do the same thing 
B)  conducted research showing that his dogs could exhibit other types of behaviors in response to the presentation of meat 
C)  attempted to see if the dogs could learn to salivate to several different types of stimuli 
D)  abandoned his research and began studying operant conditioning

Question 18

Edward Thorndike is best known for his work on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  shaping 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  the law of effect 
A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  shaping 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  the law of effect

Question 19

Joseph told his buddies at work a joke that made fun of women. To his surprise, no one laughed at the joke, and one person even scolded him for telling it. As a result, Joseph decided never again to tell a joke like that at work. Joseph's experience is an example of what principle of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Habituation 
B)  Classical conditioning 
C)  The law of effect 
D)  Orienting 
A)  Habituation 
B)  Classical conditioning 
C)  The law of effect 
D)  Orienting

Question 20

Thea gets paid every two weeks and thus is being rewarded for her work on a____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  variable interval

Regarding the study of thoughts or feelings, B. F. Skinner believed that ____.

Traditionally, in a Skinner box, ____.

According to the law of effect, if an organism commonly expresses a certain behavior, you can bet that the behavior ____.

Negative reinforcement leads to ____.

Extinction in operant conditioning occurs when the ____.

The orienting reflex describes ____.

A ____ was considered the neutral stimulus in Watson's studies with "Little Albert."

Which of the following is an example of habituation?

Which of the following examples illustrate a US-UR pair?

According to the views of B. F. Skinner, if a behavior is commonly exhibited, you can be assured that it ____.

A researcher who uses a Skinner box to study behavior is probably studying ____.

Which statement is TRUE regarding token economies?

Two very important factors that influence the strength of classical conditioning are ____.

The orienting reflex in combination with habituation suggests that we ____.

In classical conditioning, an association is learned between the ____.

Wilson wants to use operant conditioning to teach his son to take out the trash. Every time his son takes out the trash, Wilson gives him a dollar. Wilson is employing what type of consequence?

When Ivan Pavlov noticed that his dogs were salivating even before they were presented with meat, he ____.

Edward Thorndike is best known for his work on ____.

Joseph told his buddies at work a joke that made fun of women. To his surprise, no one laughed at the joke, and one person even scolded him for telling it. As a result, Joseph decided never again to tell a joke like that at work. Joseph's experience is an example of what principle of learning?

Thea gets paid every two weeks and thus is being rewarded for her work on a____ schedule of reinforcement.

The Science of Psychology

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Motivation and Emotion

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Social Psychology

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Mental Health Disorders

Mental Health Therapies

Filters

Exam 6: Learning

Regarding the study of thoughts or feelings, B. F. Skinner believed that ____.

Traditionally, in a Skinner box, ____.

According to the law of effect, if an organism commonly expresses a certain behavior, you can bet that the behavior ____.

Negative reinforcement leads to ____.

Extinction in operant conditioning occurs when the ____.

The orienting reflex describes ____.

A ____ was considered the neutral stimulus in Watson's studies with "Little Albert."

Which of the following is an example of habituation?

Which of the following examples illustrate a US-UR pair?

According to the views of B. F. Skinner, if a behavior is commonly exhibited, you can be assured that it ____.

A researcher who uses a Skinner box to study behavior is probably studying ____.

Which statement is TRUE regarding token economies?

Two very important factors that influence the strength of classical conditioning are ____.

The orienting reflex in combination with habituation suggests that we ____.

In classical conditioning, an association is learned between the ____.

Wilson wants to use operant conditioning to teach his son to take out the trash. Every time his son takes out the trash, Wilson gives him a dollar. Wilson is employing what type of consequence?

When Ivan Pavlov noticed that his dogs were salivating even before they were presented with meat, he ____.

Edward Thorndike is best known for his work on ____.

Joseph told his buddies at work a joke that made fun of women. To his surprise, no one laughed at the joke, and one person even scolded him for telling it. As a result, Joseph decided never again to tell a joke like that at work. Joseph's experience is an example of what principle of learning?

Thea gets paid every two weeks and thus is being rewarded for her work on a____ schedule of reinforcement.

The Science of Psychology

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Motivation and Emotion

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Social Psychology

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Mental Health Disorders

Mental Health Therapies

Filters