Question 1

Enzymes that break down proteins into individual amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) amylases 
B) proteases 
C) reductases 
D) dehydrogenases 
E) lipases 
A) amylases 
B) proteases 
C) reductases 
D) dehydrogenases 
E) lipases

Question 2

How do enzymes increase the rate of a biochemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) By lowering the activation energy. 
B) By increasing the standard free energy. 
C) By lowering the standard free energy. 
D) By increasing the activation energy. 
E) By lowering the reduction potential. 
A) By lowering the activation energy. 
B) By increasing the standard free energy. 
C) By lowering the standard free energy. 
D) By increasing the activation energy. 
E) By lowering the reduction potential.

Question 3

Fermentation reactions reoxidize NADH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

How many NET molecules of ATP are produced during the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis for every molecule of glucose that is converted into two molecules of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) four 
D) six 
E) ten 
A) one 
B) two 
C) four 
D) six 
E) ten

Question 5

The reduction of nitrate to a gaseous form of nitrogen,such as dinitrogen,is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reduction of nitrate to a gaseous...

Question 6

The photosynthetic membranes in cyanobacteria are called __________ membranes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The photosynthetic membranes in cyanobacteria are called...

Question 7

Which organisms contain bacteriochlorophyll?

Accepted Answer

A) cyanobacteria 
B) cyanobacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria 
C) cyanobacteria and green sulfur bacteria 
D) cyanobacteria,purple sulfur bacteria,and green sulfur bacteria 
E) purple sulfur,purple non-sulfur,and green sulfur bacteria 
A) cyanobacteria 
B) cyanobacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria 
C) cyanobacteria and green sulfur bacteria 
D) cyanobacteria,purple sulfur bacteria,and green sulfur bacteria 
E) purple sulfur,purple non-sulfur,and green sulfur bacteria

Question 8

Term for the primary pathway for fatty acid oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A) Calvin cycle 
B) pentose phosphate pathway 
C) Parnas pathway 
D) β-oxidation pathway 
E) reductive TCA pathway 
A) Calvin cycle 
B) pentose phosphate pathway 
C) Parnas pathway 
D) β-oxidation pathway 
E) reductive TCA pathway

Question 9

Which of these is TRUE for a chemoorganoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

A) Uses inorganic carbon as an energy source and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
B) Uses inorganic carbon as an electron source and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
C) Uses organic carbon as an electron source and inorganic carbon as a carbon source. 
D) Uses organic carbon as an electron source and a carbon source. 
E) Uses inorganic carbon as an energy source and a carbon source. 
A) Uses inorganic carbon as an energy source and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
B) Uses inorganic carbon as an electron source and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
C) Uses organic carbon as an electron source and inorganic carbon as a carbon source. 
D) Uses organic carbon as an electron source and a carbon source. 
E) Uses inorganic carbon as an energy source and a carbon source.

Question 10

During the respiratory process,as electrons are passed through the electron transport chain,a ________ ________ force is generated across a biological membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP by a membrane associated ATP synthase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the respiratory process,as electrons are passed...

Question 11

Chorismate is required for biosyntheis of aromatic amino acids.Which precursor pathways contribute to its biosynthesis? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphoenolpyruvate is derived from the EMP pathway 
B) Phosphoenolpyruvate is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway 
C) Erythrose 4-phosphate is derived from the EMP pathway 
D) Erythrose 4-phosphate is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway 
E) Both substrates can be derived from either of the pathways mentioned 
A) Phosphoenolpyruvate is derived from the EMP pathway 
B) Phosphoenolpyruvate is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway 
C) Erythrose 4-phosphate is derived from the EMP pathway 
D) Erythrose 4-phosphate is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway 
E) Both substrates can be derived from either of the pathways mentioned

Question 12

If aspartic acid synthesis within a cell is abnormally low,which of these molecules may also be present in abnormally low concentrations? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) glycine 
B) UTP 
C) ATP 
D) threonine 
E) valine 
A) glycine 
B) UTP 
C) ATP 
D) threonine 
E) valine

Question 13

The laws of thermodynamics state that (Select all that appply)

Accepted Answer

A) Energy can be created in exergonic (catabolic reactions0 
B) Systems proceed towards a state of maximum entropy 
C) Work must be done to maintain a steady state 
D) Energy is conserved 
E) Energy can be converted from one form to another 
A) Energy can be created in exergonic (catabolic reactions0 
B) Systems proceed towards a state of maximum entropy 
C) Work must be done to maintain a steady state 
D) Energy is conserved 
E) Energy can be converted from one form to another

Question 14

Which of these is the most widely used form of energy in cell processes?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) NADH 
C) pyruvate 
D) ATP 
E) citrate 
A) glucose 
B) NADH 
C) pyruvate 
D) ATP 
E) citrate

Question 15

The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction catalyzes the oxidation and decarboxylation of pyruvate into which of these products?

Accepted Answer

A) an acetyl group + CO₂. 
B) lactic acid 
C) citrate 
D) ethanol + CO₂ 
E) acetic acid and CO₂ 
A) an acetyl group + CO₂. 
B) lactic acid 
C) citrate 
D) ethanol + CO₂ 
E) acetic acid and CO₂

Question 16

When oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas,water is produced as the product in this oxidation-reduction reaction.Hydrogen donates electrons to oxygen in the reaction.Which statement below is true about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen is oxidized to water. 
B) Oxygen is being reduced in the reaction. 
C) Hydrogen is being reduced in the reaction. 
D) The electron donor in this reaction is reduced. 
E) The electron acceptor in this reaction is oxidized. 
A) Oxygen is oxidized to water. 
B) Oxygen is being reduced in the reaction. 
C) Hydrogen is being reduced in the reaction. 
D) The electron donor in this reaction is reduced. 
E) The electron acceptor in this reaction is oxidized.

Question 17

Which of these is TRUE for a chemolithoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

A) inorganic molecules as energy sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source. 
B) organic molecules as electron sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source. 
C) organic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
D) inorganic molecules as electron sources and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
E) inorganic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
A) inorganic molecules as energy sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source. 
B) organic molecules as electron sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source. 
C) organic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
D) inorganic molecules as electron sources and organic carbon as a carbon source. 
E) inorganic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source.

Question 18

What is the chromophore of the chlorophyll molecule composed of?

Accepted Answer

A) A carotenoid molecule with an atom of iron in the center. 
B) A porphyrin molecule with an atom of iron in the center. 
C) A phycoerythrin with an atom of iron in the center. 
D) A porphyrin molecule with an atom of magnesium in the center. 
E) A phycoerythrin molecule with an atom of magnesium in the center. 
A) A carotenoid molecule with an atom of iron in the center. 
B) A porphyrin molecule with an atom of iron in the center. 
C) A phycoerythrin with an atom of iron in the center. 
D) A porphyrin molecule with an atom of magnesium in the center. 
E) A phycoerythrin molecule with an atom of magnesium in the center.

Question 19

Oxidative phosphorylation uses ALL of the following for energy production EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) electrons from NADH. 
B) membrane-associated electron transport chain. 
C) an ATP synthase. 
D) phosphoenolpyruvate. 
E) a proton motive force. 
A) electrons from NADH. 
B) membrane-associated electron transport chain. 
C) an ATP synthase. 
D) phosphoenolpyruvate. 
E) a proton motive force.

Question 20

Which of these occurs in anaerobic respiration,but not in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) A fermentation product is produced. 
B) The terminal cytochrome oxidase is replaced by a cytochrome reductase. 
C) Glucose is only partially oxidized to CO₂. 
D) NADH dehydrogenase is replaced by NADH oxidase. 
E) Glycolysis. 
A) A fermentation product is produced. 
B) The terminal cytochrome oxidase is replaced by a cytochrome reductase. 
C) Glucose is only partially oxidized to CO₂. 
D) NADH dehydrogenase is replaced by NADH oxidase. 
E) Glycolysis.

Exam 13: Metabolism

Enzymes that break down proteins into individual amino acids.

How do enzymes increase the rate of a biochemical reaction?

Fermentation reactions reoxidize NADH.

How many NET molecules of ATP are produced during the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis for every molecule of glucose that is converted into two molecules of pyruvate?

The reduction of nitrate to a gaseous form of nitrogen,such as dinitrogen,is called __________.

The photosynthetic membranes in cyanobacteria are called __________ membranes.

Which organisms contain bacteriochlorophyll?

Term for the primary pathway for fatty acid oxidation?

Which of these is TRUE for a chemoorganoheterotroph?

During the respiratory process,as electrons are passed through the electron transport chain,a ________ ________ force is generated across a biological membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP by a membrane associated ATP synthase.

Chorismate is required for biosyntheis of aromatic amino acids.Which precursor pathways contribute to its biosynthesis? (Select all that apply)

If aspartic acid synthesis within a cell is abnormally low,which of these molecules may also be present in abnormally low concentrations? (Select all that apply)

The laws of thermodynamics state that (Select all that appply)

Which of these is the most widely used form of energy in cell processes?

The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction catalyzes the oxidation and decarboxylation of pyruvate into which of these products?

When oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas,water is produced as the product in this oxidation-reduction reaction.Hydrogen donates electrons to oxygen in the reaction.Which statement below is true about this reaction?

Which of these is TRUE for a chemolithoautotroph?

What is the chromophore of the chlorophyll molecule composed of?

Oxidative phosphorylation uses ALL of the following for energy production EXCEPT:

Which of these occurs in anaerobic respiration,but not in aerobic respiration?

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

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Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

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During the respiratory process,as electrons are passed through the electron transport chain,a force is generated across a biological membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP by a membrane associated ATP synthase.