Question 1

Fermentation can most accurately be described by which of these?

Accepted Answer

A) The reoxidation of NADH by an electron transport chain. 
B) A process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. 
C) An energy producing process found in all anaerobes. 
D) The direct reoxidation of NADH by an internal organic molecule. 
E) The use of a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen. 
A) The reoxidation of NADH by an electron transport chain. 
B) A process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. 
C) An energy producing process found in all anaerobes. 
D) The direct reoxidation of NADH by an internal organic molecule. 
E) The use of a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen.

Question 2

Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are able to use _______ as an electron source.

Accepted Answer

A) light 
B) CO₂ 
C) H₂S 
D) H₂O 
E) nitrate 
A) light 
B) CO₂ 
C) H₂S 
D) H₂O 
E) nitrate

Question 3

For what purpose is the reductive TCA cycle used by Sulfolobus ?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide fixation 
B) generation of reducing power 
C) glucose breakdown 
D) energy generation 
E) respiration 
A) carbon dioxide fixation 
B) generation of reducing power 
C) glucose breakdown 
D) energy generation 
E) respiration

Question 4

Which of these best describes assimilatory sulfate reduction?

Accepted Answer

A) The reduction of sulfate to elemental sulfur. 
B) The reduction of sulfate for incorporation into cellular material. 
C) The reduction of sulfate to sulfide for excretion by the cell. 
D) A type of anaerobic respiration. 
E) An energy yielding process. 
A) The reduction of sulfate to elemental sulfur. 
B) The reduction of sulfate for incorporation into cellular material. 
C) The reduction of sulfate to sulfide for excretion by the cell. 
D) A type of anaerobic respiration. 
E) An energy yielding process.

Question 5

Which paired pathways can perform the same function(s)? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) EMP,pentose phosphate pathway 
B) Entner- Duodoroff,pentose phosphate 
C) EMP,Entner- Duodoroff 
D) EMP,TCA cycle 
E) Pentose phosphate,TCA cycle 
A) EMP,pentose phosphate pathway 
B) Entner- Duodoroff,pentose phosphate 
C) EMP,Entner- Duodoroff 
D) EMP,TCA cycle 
E) Pentose phosphate,TCA cycle

Question 6

A chemical reaction that has a negative ΔG⁰'

Accepted Answer

A) is an endergonic reaction. 
B) will require an input of energy. 
C) is not a spontaneous reaction. 
D) is an energy yielding reaction. 
E) will absorb energy. 
A) is an endergonic reaction. 
B) will require an input of energy. 
C) is not a spontaneous reaction. 
D) is an energy yielding reaction. 
E) will absorb energy.

Question 7

Chlorophyll a maximally absorbs light energy at what frequency(ies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 430 nm and 662 nm 
B) 550 nm 
C) 750 nm and 850 nm 
D) 900 nm 
E) 800 nm and 950 nm 
A) 430 nm and 662 nm 
B) 550 nm 
C) 750 nm and 850 nm 
D) 900 nm 
E) 800 nm and 950 nm

Question 8

The β-oxidation pathway is used for the breakdown of nucleotides for use as carbon source.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of these are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway that are used in biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate,ribose-5-phosphate,and NADPH 
B) NADPH,ribose-5-phosphate,and erythrose-4-phosphate 
C) pyruvate,citrate,and erythrose-4-phosphate 
D) pyruvate,erythrose-4-phosphate,and ribose-5-phosphate 
E) citrate,NADPH,and ribose-5-phosphate 
A) pyruvate,ribose-5-phosphate,and NADPH 
B) NADPH,ribose-5-phosphate,and erythrose-4-phosphate 
C) pyruvate,citrate,and erythrose-4-phosphate 
D) pyruvate,erythrose-4-phosphate,and ribose-5-phosphate 
E) citrate,NADPH,and ribose-5-phosphate

Question 10

Microorganisms that rely solely on fermentation reactions for energy production make ATP primarily by this method.

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) electron transport phosphorylation 
C) membrane bound ATPase 
D) substrate-level phosphorylation 
E) the oxidation of NADH 
A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) electron transport phosphorylation 
C) membrane bound ATPase 
D) substrate-level phosphorylation 
E) the oxidation of NADH

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrate (NO₃⁻) 
B) sulfate (SO₄²⁻) 
C) sulfur (S⁰) 
D) ferric iron (Fe³⁺) 
E) hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) 
A) nitrate (NO₃⁻) 
B) sulfate (SO₄²⁻) 
C) sulfur (S⁰) 
D) ferric iron (Fe³⁺) 
E) hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)

Question 12

What is denitrification?

Accepted Answer

A) The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen. 
B) The production of nitrate from ammonia. 
C) The reduction of dinitrogen to nitrate. 
D) The assimilation of nitrate by the cell. 
E) The assimilation of ammonia by the cell. 
A) The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen. 
B) The production of nitrate from ammonia. 
C) The reduction of dinitrogen to nitrate. 
D) The assimilation of nitrate by the cell. 
E) The assimilation of ammonia by the cell.

Question 13

The most common lipids in the cell are synthesized from ___________ and ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids and sterol 
B) fatty acids and glycerol 
C) fatty acids and hopanoids 
D) hopanoids and sterols 
E) glycerol and hopanoids 
A) fatty acids and sterol 
B) fatty acids and glycerol 
C) fatty acids and hopanoids 
D) hopanoids and sterols 
E) glycerol and hopanoids

Question 14

Most of the electrons that are donated to the electron transport chain by intermediate electron carriers are derived from oxidation/reduction reactions in glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What does a large positive ΔE₀' indicate for a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) It is endergonic. 
B) It has a positive ΔG⁰'. 
C) It will require an input of energy. 
D) It is spontaneous. 
E) It is energetically unfavorable. 
A) It is endergonic. 
B) It has a positive ΔG⁰'. 
C) It will require an input of energy. 
D) It is spontaneous. 
E) It is energetically unfavorable.

Question 16

By which processes can CO₂ be incorporated into organic molecules? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) reductive pentose phosphate pathway 
B) pentose phosphate pathway 
C) reductive glycolytic cycle 
D) reductive TCA cycle 
E) Calvin cylce 
A) reductive pentose phosphate pathway 
B) pentose phosphate pathway 
C) reductive glycolytic cycle 
D) reductive TCA cycle 
E) Calvin cylce

Fermentation can most accurately be described by which of these?

Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are able to use _______ as an electron source.

For what purpose is the reductive TCA cycle used by Sulfolobus ?

Which of these best describes assimilatory sulfate reduction?

Which paired pathways can perform the same function(s)? (Select all that apply)

A chemical reaction that has a negative ΔG⁰'

Chlorophyll a maximally absorbs light energy at what frequency(ies)?

The β-oxidation pathway is used for the breakdown of nucleotides for use as carbon source.

Which of these are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway that are used in biosynthesis?

Microorganisms that rely solely on fermentation reactions for energy production make ATP primarily by this method.

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration?

What is denitrification?

The most common lipids in the cell are synthesized from _ and __.

Most of the electrons that are donated to the electron transport chain by intermediate electron carriers are derived from oxidation/reduction reactions in glycolysis.

What does a large positive ΔE₀' indicate for a redox reaction?

By which processes can CO₂ be incorporated into organic molecules? (Select all that apply)

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Exam 13: Metabolism

Fermentation can most accurately be described by which of these?

Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are able to use _______ as an electron source.

For what purpose is the reductive TCA cycle used by Sulfolobus ?

Which of these best describes assimilatory sulfate reduction?

Which paired pathways can perform the same function(s)? (Select all that apply)

A chemical reaction that has a negative ΔG⁰'

Chlorophyll a maximally absorbs light energy at what frequency(ies)?

The β-oxidation pathway is used for the breakdown of nucleotides for use as carbon source.

Which of these are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway that are used in biosynthesis?

Microorganisms that rely solely on fermentation reactions for energy production make ATP primarily by this method.

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration?

What is denitrification?

The most common lipids in the cell are synthesized from ___________ and ____________.

Most of the electrons that are donated to the electron transport chain by intermediate electron carriers are derived from oxidation/reduction reactions in glycolysis.

What does a large positive ΔE₀' indicate for a redox reaction?

By which processes can CO₂ be incorporated into organic molecules? (Select all that apply)

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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The most common lipids in the cell are synthesized from _ and __.