Question 1

What possible sources of energy may be used by microbes that live deep within the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide and oxygen 
B) hydrogen gas and ferrous iron 
C) nitrate and sulfate 
D) sulfate and ferric iron 
E) nitrate and ferric iron 
A) carbon dioxide and oxygen 
B) hydrogen gas and ferrous iron 
C) nitrate and sulfate 
D) sulfate and ferric iron 
E) nitrate and ferric iron

Question 2

Which elements necessary for microbial life are often limiting in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A) magnesium and calcium 
B) nitrogen and phosphorous 
C) magnesium and chloride 
D) sodium and calcium 
E) potassium and magnesium 
A) magnesium and calcium 
B) nitrogen and phosphorous 
C) magnesium and chloride 
D) sodium and calcium 
E) potassium and magnesium

Question 3

What is the average temperature of the world's ocean waters?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 to 3°C 
B) 8 to 10°C 
C) 12 to 15°C 
D) 18 to 20°C 
E) 22 to 25°C 
A) 2 to 3°C 
B) 8 to 10°C 
C) 12 to 15°C 
D) 18 to 20°C 
E) 22 to 25°C

Question 4

Moderate temperature and neutral pH geothermal springs in terrestrial environments may contain __________ as primary producers.

Accepted Answer

A) chemolithotrophs 
B) oxygenic phototrophs 
C) anoxygenic phototrophs 
D) oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs 
E) oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs and chemolithotrophs 
A) chemolithotrophs 
B) oxygenic phototrophs 
C) anoxygenic phototrophs 
D) oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs 
E) oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs and chemolithotrophs

Question 5

FACS may employ which all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) laser fluorescence detector 
B) fluorescently labeled antibodies 
C) gfp promoterless gene constructs 
D) laser probe to destroy unlabeled cells 
E) differential flow to move cells to a variety of end containers 
A) laser fluorescence detector 
B) fluorescently labeled antibodies 
C) gfp promoterless gene constructs 
D) laser probe to destroy unlabeled cells 
E) differential flow to move cells to a variety of end containers

Question 6

In the microbial world,an "operational taxonomic unit" is defined as any group of microbes that share at least __________ sequence identity of their SSU rRNA gene.

Accepted Answer

A) 100% 
B) 97% 
C) 90% 
D) 80% 
E) 50% 
A) 100% 
B) 97% 
C) 90% 
D) 80% 
E) 50%

Question 7

Given your knowledge from previous chapters,particularly chapter 14,which of the genes listed is likely to display the most sequence diversity,and why?

Accepted Answer

A) SSU .rRNA because its ubiquity means evolutionary diversity is inevitable 
B) nif because nitrogen fixation may have evolved independently in a wide variety of organisms 
C) pmoA becuae both membrane bound and cytoplasmic forms of the enzyme have been identified 
D) all of the choices are valid 
E) not all choices are valid,but those with validity still do not provide enough information for an evauation to be made 
A) SSU .rRNA because its ubiquity means evolutionary diversity is inevitable 
B) nif because nitrogen fixation may have evolved independently in a wide variety of organisms 
C) pmoA becuae both membrane bound and cytoplasmic forms of the enzyme have been identified 
D) all of the choices are valid 
E) not all choices are valid,but those with validity still do not provide enough information for an evauation to be made

Question 8

Which of the following may NOT have been produced by microbial activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Arsenate 
B) Gold ore 
C) Uranium ore 
D) Sulfate 
E) Hydrogen sulfide 
A) Arsenate 
B) Gold ore 
C) Uranium ore 
D) Sulfate 
E) Hydrogen sulfide

Question 9

How would you best classify most of the microbes from marine environments that cannot be isolated?

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes 
B) obligate oligotrophs 
C) obligate halophiles 
D) extreme halophiles 
E) extreme thermophiles 
A) obligate anaerobes 
B) obligate oligotrophs 
C) obligate halophiles 
D) extreme halophiles 
E) extreme thermophiles

Question 10

Given the information in this figure and your knowledge from Chapter 10,what limitations to this technique exist or may exist?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA sequencing is not possible because hairpin formations inhibit polymerase activity 
B) Sequencing runs of 1400 base pairs are unlikely to occur with existing technology 
C) Universal primers for SSU rRNA have not yet been designed 
D) No choices are correct 
E) Universal primers for SSU rRNA cannot be designed as there are no highly enough conserved sequence regions 
A) RNA sequencing is not possible because hairpin formations inhibit polymerase activity 
B) Sequencing runs of 1400 base pairs are unlikely to occur with existing technology 
C) Universal primers for SSU rRNA have not yet been designed 
D) No choices are correct 
E) Universal primers for SSU rRNA cannot be designed as there are no highly enough conserved sequence regions

Question 11

Silt is defined as: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) organic matter found in soil 
B) mineral particulate with an intermediate size 
C) a textural component of soil 
D) a product of hemicellulose digestion 
E) material found where lower pH soils abound 
A) organic matter found in soil 
B) mineral particulate with an intermediate size 
C) a textural component of soil 
D) a product of hemicellulose digestion 
E) material found where lower pH soils abound

Question 12

What is the estimated percentage of microbial species on Earth have been grown in culture?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 -5% 
B) 5 - 10 % 
C) 10 - 15% 
D) 15-20% 
E) 20 - 25% 
A) 1 -5% 
B) 5 - 10 % 
C) 10 - 15% 
D) 15-20% 
E) 20 - 25%

Question 13

Which organisms has NOT been discovered as part of a hydrothermal vent comminity?

Accepted Answer

A) Tube worms 
B) Shrimp 
C) Anemones 
D) Octopus 
E) Kelp 
A) Tube worms 
B) Shrimp 
C) Anemones 
D) Octopus 
E) Kelp

Question 14

Most of the organic matter in soil comes from the decomposition of:

Accepted Answer

A) animals 
B) plants 
C) fungi 
D) protozoa 
E) algae 
A) animals 
B) plants 
C) fungi 
D) protozoa 
E) algae

Question 15

Which of these best summarizes the contribution of cyanobacteria in the open ocean?

Accepted Answer

A) primary carbon production 
B) oxygenation of the waters 
C) nitrogen fixation 
D) primary carbon production and oxygenation of the waters 
E) primary carbon production,oxygenation of the waters,and nitrogen fixation 
A) primary carbon production 
B) oxygenation of the waters 
C) nitrogen fixation 
D) primary carbon production and oxygenation of the waters 
E) primary carbon production,oxygenation of the waters,and nitrogen fixation

Question 16

Sulfur emitted from hydrothermal vents is in the form of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sulfur emitted from hydrothermal vents is in...

Question 17

A sandy loam soil will possess:

Accepted Answer

A) 50% clay,20% sand,10% silt 
B) 15% clay,60% sand,85% silt 
C) 50% clay,20% sand,80% silt 
D) 80% clay,20% sand,15% silt 
E) 40% clay,20% sand,10% silt 
A) 50% clay,20% sand,10% silt 
B) 15% clay,60% sand,85% silt 
C) 50% clay,20% sand,80% silt 
D) 80% clay,20% sand,15% silt 
E) 40% clay,20% sand,10% silt

Question 18

What is the best classification of primary producers found in hydrothermal vents on the ocean bottom?

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthetic 
B) organotrophs 
C) chemolithoautotrophs 
D) chemoorganoheterotrophs 
E) photolithoautotrophs 
A) photosynthetic 
B) organotrophs 
C) chemolithoautotrophs 
D) chemoorganoheterotrophs 
E) photolithoautotrophs

Question 19

The fluorescence seen in this photograph is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) gfp promoterless gene constructs 
B) fluorescently labeled antibodies 
C) fluorescence of ethidium bromide,a DNA detecting stain 
D) fluorescently-labeled primers used for DNA synthesis 
E) fluorescently-labeled primers used for RNA synthesis 
A) gfp promoterless gene constructs 
B) fluorescently labeled antibodies 
C) fluorescence of ethidium bromide,a DNA detecting stain 
D) fluorescently-labeled primers used for DNA synthesis 
E) fluorescently-labeled primers used for RNA synthesis

Question 20

A soil with 35% clay,65% silt and 20% sand is classified texturally as:

Accepted Answer

A) loam 
B) sandy loam 
C) clay 
D) silty clay loam 
E) sandy clay loam 
A) loam 
B) sandy loam 
C) clay 
D) silty clay loam 
E) sandy clay loam

Exam 15: Microbial Ecosystems

What possible sources of energy may be used by microbes that live deep within the Earth?

Which elements necessary for microbial life are often limiting in the ocean?

What is the average temperature of the world's ocean waters?

Moderate temperature and neutral pH geothermal springs in terrestrial environments may contain __________ as primary producers.

FACS may employ which all the following EXCEPT:

In the microbial world,an "operational taxonomic unit" is defined as any group of microbes that share at least __________ sequence identity of their SSU rRNA gene.

Given your knowledge from previous chapters,particularly chapter 14,which of the genes listed is likely to display the most sequence diversity,and why?

Which of the following may NOT have been produced by microbial activity?

How would you best classify most of the microbes from marine environments that cannot be isolated?

Given the information in this figure and your knowledge from Chapter 10,what limitations to this technique exist or may exist?

Silt is defined as: (Select all that apply)

What is the estimated percentage of microbial species on Earth have been grown in culture?

Which organisms has NOT been discovered as part of a hydrothermal vent comminity?

Most of the organic matter in soil comes from the decomposition of:

Which of these best summarizes the contribution of cyanobacteria in the open ocean?

Sulfur emitted from hydrothermal vents is in the form of __________.

A sandy loam soil will possess:

What is the best classification of primary producers found in hydrothermal vents on the ocean bottom?

The fluorescence seen in this photograph is a result of:

A soil with 35% clay,65% silt and 20% sand is classified texturally as:

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Microbial Symbionts

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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