Question 1

What possible inconsistency do you observe in the color coding of this diagram?

Accepted Answer

A) Small intestine plays different roles in the three fermenters but is coded the same way in each diagram 
B) The stomach and abomason do not play the same digestive role 
C) The stomach should be present in all three digestive types 
D) Cecum and colon are always next to one another,yet their roles are sometimes classified as one,and at other times as two different fermentation steps 
E) None is a possible inconsistency 
A) Small intestine plays different roles in the three fermenters but is coded the same way in each diagram 
B) The stomach and abomason do not play the same digestive role 
C) The stomach should be present in all three digestive types 
D) Cecum and colon are always next to one another,yet their roles are sometimes classified as one,and at other times as two different fermentation steps 
E) None is a possible inconsistency

Question 2

Select the choice with the chronologically correct sequence of events occurring in nodule formation:

Accepted Answer

A) root hair curls,bacterium attaches to root hair,infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread 
B) bacterium attaches to root hair,root hair curls,infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread 
C) bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread,root hair curls,bacterium attaches to root hair,infection thread forms 
D) bacterium attached to root hair,infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread,root hair curls, 
E) infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread,root hair curls,bacterium attaches to root hair 
A) root hair curls,bacterium attaches to root hair,infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread 
B) bacterium attaches to root hair,root hair curls,infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread 
C) bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread,root hair curls,bacterium attaches to root hair,infection thread forms 
D) bacterium attached to root hair,infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread,root hair curls, 
E) infection thread forms,bacteria proliferate and move up infection thread,root hair curls,bacterium attaches to root hair

Question 3

Acetogenesis is the production of acetic acid from which material(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) lactate 
B) pyruvate 
C) carbon dioxide and hydrogen 
D) oxaloacetate 
E) glucose 
A) lactate 
B) pyruvate 
C) carbon dioxide and hydrogen 
D) oxaloacetate 
E) glucose

Question 4

Which of these structures possesses a role in digestion not observed in all three fermentive types (colonic,cecal,ruminant)?

Accepted Answer

A) rumen 
B) Cecum 
C) Reticulum 
D) Abomasom 
E) Colon 
A) rumen 
B) Cecum 
C) Reticulum 
D) Abomasom 
E) Colon

Question 5

When a mutualistic organism acquires virulence factors,it will be recognised as a:

Accepted Answer

A) mutualist 
B) commensal 
C) parasite 
D) endosymbiont 
E) ectosymbiont 
A) mutualist 
B) commensal 
C) parasite 
D) endosymbiont 
E) ectosymbiont

Question 6

Which of these is the MOST abundant bacterial group in the colon?

Accepted Answer

A) members of the phylum Proteobacteria 
B) the family Enterobacteriaceae 
C) obligate anaerobes 
D) facultative anaerobes 
E) lactobacilli. 
A) members of the phylum Proteobacteria 
B) the family Enterobacteriaceae 
C) obligate anaerobes 
D) facultative anaerobes 
E) lactobacilli.

Question 7

Lower termites feed primarily on wood and contain symbiotic:

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria in their intestine. 
B) bacteria and archaeons in their intestine. 
C) fungi in their intestine. 
D) protozoa,bacteria,and archaeons in their intestine. 
E) protozoa and fungi in their intestine. 
A) bacteria in their intestine. 
B) bacteria and archaeons in their intestine. 
C) fungi in their intestine. 
D) protozoa,bacteria,and archaeons in their intestine. 
E) protozoa and fungi in their intestine.

Question 8

Which of these is characteristic of the nitrogenase enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) It is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B) It converts dinitrogen to nitrate. 
C) It requires hydrogen gas for activity. 
D) It is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen. 
E) It is found in all plant symbionts. 
A) It is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B) It converts dinitrogen to nitrate. 
C) It requires hydrogen gas for activity. 
D) It is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen. 
E) It is found in all plant symbionts.

Question 9

Which of these contains zooxanthellae as photosynthetic symbionts?

Accepted Answer

A) shipworms 
B) termites 
C) lichens 
D) coral 
E) tubeworms 
A) shipworms 
B) termites 
C) lichens 
D) coral 
E) tubeworms

Question 10

Most endosymbionts of invertebrates can easily be cultured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The host-range specificity pairing specific legumes with specific rhizobia involves the transcriptional inactivation of the bacterial nod genes through the secretion of specific ___________ by the plant.

Accepted Answer

A) flavonoids 
B) Nod factors 
C) luteolins 
D) genisteins 
E) lactones 
A) flavonoids 
B) Nod factors 
C) luteolins 
D) genisteins 
E) lactones

Question 12

If lower termites are fed antibiotics they cannot survive because:

Accepted Answer

A) Their cellulase-producing bacterial endosymbionts are killed 
B) Their cellulase-producing protozoan endosymbionts are killed 
C) Their nitrogenous compound-providing bacterial endosymbionts are killed 
D) Their nitrogenous compound-providing protozoan endosymbionts are killed 
E) The methanogens in the termite intestine are killed 
A) Their cellulase-producing bacterial endosymbionts are killed 
B) Their cellulase-producing protozoan endosymbionts are killed 
C) Their nitrogenous compound-providing bacterial endosymbionts are killed 
D) Their nitrogenous compound-providing protozoan endosymbionts are killed 
E) The methanogens in the termite intestine are killed

Question 13

The correct order of structures ingested grass will pass through in a cecal fermenter is:

Accepted Answer

A) reticulum,omasum,abomasom,rumen 
B) reticulum,rumen,omasum,colon 
C) stomach,small intestine,cecum,colon 
D) stomach,small intestine,colon,cecum 
E) abomasom,colon,rumen,cecum 
A) reticulum,omasum,abomasom,rumen 
B) reticulum,rumen,omasum,colon 
C) stomach,small intestine,cecum,colon 
D) stomach,small intestine,colon,cecum 
E) abomasom,colon,rumen,cecum

Question 14

What is the human microbiome composed of?

Accepted Answer

A) Microbes that live in the intestinal tract of humans. 
B) All the microbes that cause disease in humans. 
C) All microbes that live on or within the human body. 
D) Microbes that contribute to the health of humans. 
E) Microbes that live on human skin. 
A) Microbes that live in the intestinal tract of humans. 
B) All the microbes that cause disease in humans. 
C) All microbes that live on or within the human body. 
D) Microbes that contribute to the health of humans. 
E) Microbes that live on human skin.

Question 15

Which pathogen has the greatest potential to cause intestinal disease due to its resilience in the face of hostile conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Shigella 
B) Vibrio 
C) Pathogenic E.coli 
D) Lactobacillus 
E) Bifidobacterium 
A) Shigella 
B) Vibrio 
C) Pathogenic E.coli 
D) Lactobacillus 
E) Bifidobacterium

Question 16

What is an endophyte?

Accepted Answer

A) A parasite of a plant. 
B) A parasite of an animal. 
C) A symbiont that lives inside plant cells. 
D) A member of the plant root rhizosphere. 
E) A member of the intestinal tract microbial community. 
A) A parasite of a plant. 
B) A parasite of an animal. 
C) A symbiont that lives inside plant cells. 
D) A member of the plant root rhizosphere. 
E) A member of the intestinal tract microbial community.

Question 17

Which of these is TRUE of ruminants?

Accepted Answer

A) They possess a single stomach chamber and long cecum. 
B) They are considered to be hindgut fermenters. 
C) They are inefficient in the digestion of plant material. 
D) They obtain nutrients from digestion carried out by rumen microorganisms. 
E) They often consume their own feces. 
A) They possess a single stomach chamber and long cecum. 
B) They are considered to be hindgut fermenters. 
C) They are inefficient in the digestion of plant material. 
D) They obtain nutrients from digestion carried out by rumen microorganisms. 
E) They often consume their own feces.

Question 18

The majority of Archaea found in the human intestinal tract are _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) sulfate-reducing bacteria 
B) halobacteria 
C) sulfide oxidizing bacteria 
D) methanogens 
E) fermenters 
A) sulfate-reducing bacteria 
B) halobacteria 
C) sulfide oxidizing bacteria 
D) methanogens 
E) fermenters

Question 19

Herbivores require microorganisms to help them with the digestion of this compound.

Accepted Answer

A) starch 
B) glycogen 
C) cellulose 
D) proteins 
E) nucleic acids 
A) starch 
B) glycogen 
C) cellulose 
D) proteins 
E) nucleic acids

Question 20

Dry areas of the skin such as the inner forearm are seen to contain the most diverse populations of microbes.Suggest a reason why this is observed: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Increased exposure to atmospheric microbes which may vary with geographical location 
B) Maximum oil production occurs in this region 
C) A mix of hair,sweat and sebaceous gland environments exist here 
D) The environment is less salty than others on the skin 
E) All are plausible explanations for the observation 
A) Increased exposure to atmospheric microbes which may vary with geographical location 
B) Maximum oil production occurs in this region 
C) A mix of hair,sweat and sebaceous gland environments exist here 
D) The environment is less salty than others on the skin 
E) All are plausible explanations for the observation

Exam 17: Microbial Symbionts

What possible inconsistency do you observe in the color coding of this diagram?

Select the choice with the chronologically correct sequence of events occurring in nodule formation:

Acetogenesis is the production of acetic acid from which material(s)?

Which of these structures possesses a role in digestion not observed in all three fermentive types (colonic,cecal,ruminant)?

When a mutualistic organism acquires virulence factors,it will be recognised as a:

Which of these is the MOST abundant bacterial group in the colon?

Lower termites feed primarily on wood and contain symbiotic:

Which of these is characteristic of the nitrogenase enzyme?

Which of these contains zooxanthellae as photosynthetic symbionts?

Most endosymbionts of invertebrates can easily be cultured.

The host-range specificity pairing specific legumes with specific rhizobia involves the transcriptional inactivation of the bacterial nod genes through the secretion of specific ___________ by the plant.

If lower termites are fed antibiotics they cannot survive because:

The correct order of structures ingested grass will pass through in a cecal fermenter is:

What is the human microbiome composed of?

Which pathogen has the greatest potential to cause intestinal disease due to its resilience in the face of hostile conditions?

What is an endophyte?

Which of these is TRUE of ruminants?

The majority of Archaea found in the human intestinal tract are _____ .

Herbivores require microorganisms to help them with the digestion of this compound.

Dry areas of the skin such as the inner forearm are seen to contain the most diverse populations of microbes.Suggest a reason why this is observed: (Select all that apply)

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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