Question 1

The bacterial genus ___________ is a secondary symbiont and is capable of changing the female to male ratio of an insect to primarily female.

Accepted Answer

A) Rickettsia 
B) Wolbachia 
C) Pseudomonas 
D) Culex 
E) Bordetella 
A) Rickettsia 
B) Wolbachia 
C) Pseudomonas 
D) Culex 
E) Bordetella

Question 2

Where on the skin do you expect to find the highest proportin of phylum Firmicutes?

Accepted Answer

A) head 
B) forearm 
C) toes 
D) equal proportions in all environments 
E) none is a correct choice 
A) head 
B) forearm 
C) toes 
D) equal proportions in all environments 
E) none is a correct choice

Question 3

Hindgut fermenters have greater fermentation efficiency than ruminants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which microbe has the greatest potential to colonize the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) Shigella 
B) Helicobacter 
C) Pathogenic E.coli 
D) Lactobacillus 
E) Bifidobacterium 
A) Shigella 
B) Helicobacter 
C) Pathogenic E.coli 
D) Lactobacillus 
E) Bifidobacterium

Question 5

Which of these is not able to be detected by bacterial NodD protein?

Accepted Answer

A) genistein 
B) luteolin 
C) flavonoid 
D) C4-dicarboxylic acid 
E) All can be detected 
A) genistein 
B) luteolin 
C) flavonoid 
D) C4-dicarboxylic acid 
E) All can be detected

Question 6

A group of microorganisms that are interdependent on one another for the stability of the community is called a/an__________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of microorganisms that are interdependent...

Question 7

The red color of plant root nodules is due to this oxygen binding protein.

Accepted Answer

A) cytochrome c 
B) flavoprotein 
C) leghemoglobin 
D) menaquinone 
E) nitrate reductase 
A) cytochrome c 
B) flavoprotein 
C) leghemoglobin 
D) menaquinone 
E) nitrate reductase

Question 8

Amino acids for anabolic requirements are obtained by ruminants through: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) ingestion of plant proteins 
B) ingestion of animal proteins 
C) digestion of microbial proteins 
D) digestion of microbially-converted nitrogenous wastes 
E) kidney reabsorption of urea 
A) ingestion of plant proteins 
B) ingestion of animal proteins 
C) digestion of microbial proteins 
D) digestion of microbially-converted nitrogenous wastes 
E) kidney reabsorption of urea

Question 9

Which of these is true of a mutualistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) Neither organism benefits or is harmed by the relationship. 
B) One member benefits and the other member is harmed. 
C) One member benefits and the other member does not receive any benefit. 
D) Both organisms benefit. 
E) Both members are harmed from the relationship. 
A) Neither organism benefits or is harmed by the relationship. 
B) One member benefits and the other member is harmed. 
C) One member benefits and the other member does not receive any benefit. 
D) Both organisms benefit. 
E) Both members are harmed from the relationship.

Question 10

The correct order of structures ingested grass will pass through in a ruminant is:

Accepted Answer

A) reticulum,omasum,abomasom,rumen 
B) reticulum,rumen,omasum,abomasom 
C) omasum,reticulum,rumen,abomasom 
D) reticulum,abomasom,omasum,rumen 
E) abomasom,reticulum,rumen,omasum 
A) reticulum,omasum,abomasom,rumen 
B) reticulum,rumen,omasum,abomasom 
C) omasum,reticulum,rumen,abomasom 
D) reticulum,abomasom,omasum,rumen 
E) abomasom,reticulum,rumen,omasum

Question 11

Helicobacter survives in the stomach because it is:

Accepted Answer

A) An acidophile 
B) An alkaliphile 
C) Capable of raising pH in its local niche 
D) Capable of lowering pH in its local niche 
E) Encapsulated and protected by intestinal mucus 
A) An acidophile 
B) An alkaliphile 
C) Capable of raising pH in its local niche 
D) Capable of lowering pH in its local niche 
E) Encapsulated and protected by intestinal mucus

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a primary endosymbiont?

Accepted Answer

A) They all have reduced genomes. 
B) They are found in specialized cells called bacteriocytes. 
C) Their genome sequence shows a high degree of conservation 
D) They are passed on maternally. 
E) They are required for survival or fertility. 
A) They all have reduced genomes. 
B) They are found in specialized cells called bacteriocytes. 
C) Their genome sequence shows a high degree of conservation 
D) They are passed on maternally. 
E) They are required for survival or fertility.

Question 13

Select the choice describing the earliest event in the endosymbiosis between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteroids:

Accepted Answer

A) bacteroids release ammonium and amino acids to plants 
B) plant TCA cycle releases C4-dicarboxylic acids to bacteroid 
C) bacterial cells differentiate into bacteroids 
D) bacteria move up infection thread 
E) infection thread enters root cortex 
A) bacteroids release ammonium and amino acids to plants 
B) plant TCA cycle releases C4-dicarboxylic acids to bacteroid 
C) bacterial cells differentiate into bacteroids 
D) bacteria move up infection thread 
E) infection thread enters root cortex

Question 14

Once rhizobia enter the plant cell through the infection thread they undergo rapid multiplication and differentiation into pleomorphic nitrogen fixing cells called _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) shizonts 
B) bacteroids 
C) elementary bodies 
D) reticulate forms 
E) nitromorphs 
A) shizonts 
B) bacteroids 
C) elementary bodies 
D) reticulate forms 
E) nitromorphs

Question 15

Cellulose consumed by the lower termite is hydrolyzed by cellulases produced by _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) fungi 
B) bacteria 
C) archaeons 
D) the termite 
E) yeast 
A) fungi 
B) bacteria 
C) archaeons 
D) the termite 
E) yeast

Question 16

Flossing and brushing achieve which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Removal of viridans bacteria from tooth and gum surfaces 
B) maintenance of an anaerobic environment for Streptococcus growth 
C) maintenance of an anaerobic environment for Fusobacterium growth 
D) aeration of the environment for Fusobacterium growth 
E) increase of nutrients within the oral cavity 
A) Removal of viridans bacteria from tooth and gum surfaces 
B) maintenance of an anaerobic environment for Streptococcus growth 
C) maintenance of an anaerobic environment for Fusobacterium growth 
D) aeration of the environment for Fusobacterium growth 
E) increase of nutrients within the oral cavity

Question 17

Which of these is NOT a negative influence on coral symbosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing temperatures of ocean waters 
B) Algal ingestion from ocean waters 
C) Freshwater runoff into reef environments 
D) Alterations in ultraviolet light intensity 
E) Changing pH of ocean waters 
A) Increasing temperatures of ocean waters 
B) Algal ingestion from ocean waters 
C) Freshwater runoff into reef environments 
D) Alterations in ultraviolet light intensity 
E) Changing pH of ocean waters

Question 18

Select the incorrectly paired association:

Accepted Answer

A) genistein,Bradyrhizobium 
B) luteolin,Sinorhizobium 
C) flavonoid,nitrogen-fixing genera 
D) luteolin,Bradyrhizobium 
E) all are correct associations 
A) genistein,Bradyrhizobium 
B) luteolin,Sinorhizobium 
C) flavonoid,nitrogen-fixing genera 
D) luteolin,Bradyrhizobium 
E) all are correct associations

Question 19

How do termites obtain nitrogen in their diet?

Accepted Answer

A) From digestion of proteins. 
B) From digestion of nucleic acids. 
C) From nitrogen fixing bacteria in their gut. 
D) From urea. 
E) From nitrogen fixing protozoa. 
A) From digestion of proteins. 
B) From digestion of nucleic acids. 
C) From nitrogen fixing bacteria in their gut. 
D) From urea. 
E) From nitrogen fixing protozoa.

Question 20

Select the choice describing the latest event in the endosymbiosis between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteroids:

Accepted Answer

A) plants secrete flavonoids to permit their recognition by specific bacterial species 
B) plant TCA cycle releases C4-dicarboxylic acids to bacteroid 
C) bacterial cells differentiate into bacteroids 
D) root hairs exhibit curling 
E) infection thread enters root cortex 
A) plants secrete flavonoids to permit their recognition by specific bacterial species 
B) plant TCA cycle releases C4-dicarboxylic acids to bacteroid 
C) bacterial cells differentiate into bacteroids 
D) root hairs exhibit curling 
E) infection thread enters root cortex

Exam 17: Microbial Symbionts

The bacterial genus ___________ is a secondary symbiont and is capable of changing the female to male ratio of an insect to primarily female.

Where on the skin do you expect to find the highest proportin of phylum Firmicutes?

Hindgut fermenters have greater fermentation efficiency than ruminants.

Which microbe has the greatest potential to colonize the stomach?

Which of these is not able to be detected by bacterial NodD protein?

A group of microorganisms that are interdependent on one another for the stability of the community is called a/an__________________

The red color of plant root nodules is due to this oxygen binding protein.

Amino acids for anabolic requirements are obtained by ruminants through: (Select all that apply)

Which of these is true of a mutualistic relationship?

The correct order of structures ingested grass will pass through in a ruminant is:

Helicobacter survives in the stomach because it is:

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a primary endosymbiont?

Select the choice describing the earliest event in the endosymbiosis between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteroids:

Once rhizobia enter the plant cell through the infection thread they undergo rapid multiplication and differentiation into pleomorphic nitrogen fixing cells called _____ .

Cellulose consumed by the lower termite is hydrolyzed by cellulases produced by _____ .

Flossing and brushing achieve which of the following?

Which of these is NOT a negative influence on coral symbosis?

Select the incorrectly paired association:

How do termites obtain nitrogen in their diet?

Select the choice describing the latest event in the endosymbiosis between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteroids:

The Microbial World

Bacteria

Eukaryal Microbes

Archaea

Viruses

Cultivating Microorganisms

DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Viral Replication Strategies

Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Microbial Genomics

Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Biotechnology

Metabolism

Biogeochemical Cycles

Microbial Ecosystems

The Microbiology of Food and Water

Introduction to Infectious Diseases

Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Adaptive Immunity

Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Bacterial Infections

Viral Pathogenesis

Eukaryal Microbe Pathogenesis

Control of Infectious Diseases

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