Question 1

Which of your text's unifying themes is illustrated by the biological preparedness explanation for conditioned taste aversions

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. 
B)  People's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
C)  Behaviour is shaped by our cultural heritage. 
D)  Heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour. 
A)  Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. 
B)  People's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
C)  Behaviour is shaped by our cultural heritage. 
D)  Heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour.

Question 2

What principles are you applying if you devise a self-modification program in which you systematically reward yourself for studying

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlovian conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  Pavlovian conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 3

What happens to successful responses,according to Thorndike's view of learning

Accepted Answer

A)  They are "stamped out" by misuse. 
B)  They become associated with conditional responses. 
C)  They are "stamped in" by their favourable effects or consequences. 
D)  They increase in frequency because they are classically conditioned to be associated with food. 
A)  They are "stamped out" by misuse. 
B)  They become associated with conditional responses. 
C)  They are "stamped in" by their favourable effects or consequences. 
D)  They increase in frequency because they are classically conditioned to be associated with food.

Question 4

One Saturday,Lacey was sitting at home when the telephone rang.A local company was making promotional calls and told Lacey she had just won a $1,000 gift certificate.She felt a rush of excitement at the thought of what she could do with $1,000.Now Lacey finds that whenever she hears a telephone ring,she feels a surge of excitement.What is the rush of excitement that Lacey felt when she heard she had won in this example

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned response 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  conditioned response 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned response 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

Darcy feels happy whenever she smells pancakes cooking because of the association of these smells with her grandmother.What is her happiness in this example

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus 
A)  unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus

Question 6

According to the studies by Garcia and his colleagues,which of the following is most easily associated with a flavour

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus of shock 
B)  nausea-inducing unconditioned stimulus 
C)  visual unconditioned stimulus 
D)  auditory unconditioned stimulus 
A)  unconditioned stimulus of shock 
B)  nausea-inducing unconditioned stimulus 
C)  visual unconditioned stimulus 
D)  auditory unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

Which response by dogs in Pavlov's laboratory triggered Pavlov's interest in conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  failure to salivate when food was placed in their mouths 
B)  salivation right after they had swallowed food 
C)  salivation only when food was placed in their mouths 
D)  salivation right before food was placed in their mouths 
A)  failure to salivate when food was placed in their mouths 
B)  salivation right after they had swallowed food 
C)  salivation only when food was placed in their mouths 
D)  salivation right before food was placed in their mouths

Question 8

When Clarice watches scary movies,she covers her eyes as soon as she hears ominous music start to play.With which of the following is Clarice's response consistent

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  escape responding 
C)  avoidance responding 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  escape responding 
C)  avoidance responding 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 9

What conclusion can we draw as a result of decades of research on animal models of learning

Accepted Answer

A)  Research on animals examines animal behaviour and physiology, but not learning. 
B)  Learning in animals is instinctive and includes no cognitive intervention. 
C)  Many principles of learning discovered in animal research apply to humans. 
D)  Animal learning can be applied to humans, but only in terms of reflexive behaviour. 
A)  Research on animals examines animal behaviour and physiology, but not learning. 
B)  Learning in animals is instinctive and includes no cognitive intervention. 
C)  Many principles of learning discovered in animal research apply to humans. 
D)  Animal learning can be applied to humans, but only in terms of reflexive behaviour.

Question 10

What is the distinction between primary reinforcers and secondary reinforcers

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary reinforcers are internal, while secondary reinforcers come from the environment. 
B)  Primary reinforcers are associated with classical conditioning, while secondary reinforcers are associated with operant conditioning. 
C)  Primary reinforcers are used first, while secondary reinforcers are used if primary reinforcers are not effective. 
D)  Primary reinforcers satisfy biological needs, while secondary reinforcers depend on learning. 
A)  Primary reinforcers are internal, while secondary reinforcers come from the environment. 
B)  Primary reinforcers are associated with classical conditioning, while secondary reinforcers are associated with operant conditioning. 
C)  Primary reinforcers are used first, while secondary reinforcers are used if primary reinforcers are not effective. 
D)  Primary reinforcers satisfy biological needs, while secondary reinforcers depend on learning.

Question 11

Compare the acquisition procedures in classical and operant conditioning.What is the essential difference between the two types of conditioning

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning,a neutral sti

Question 12

Cassie asked her father for a candy bar at the grocery store,and her father bought her the candy bar.If Cassie asks for more candy bars in the future,then what is the candy bar

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response 
B)  discriminative stimulus 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  conditioned stimulus 
A)  conditioned response 
B)  discriminative stimulus 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  conditioned stimulus

Question 13

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard,rather than charging an hourly rate for his services.Under which type of reinforcement schedule is Maxwell working

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval

Question 14

Kylee used to bring drawings home from her kindergarten class every day,and her parents would put the pictures on the refrigerator and tell Kylee how nice the pictures were.Lately,her parents haven't been putting her artwork on the refrigerator,and now Kylee has stopped bringing drawings home with her.Which process does this example illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment 
B)  extinction 
C)  avoidance 
D)  resistance 
A)  punishment 
B)  extinction 
C)  avoidance 
D)  resistance

Question 15

A rat is placed on one side of a two-compartment shuttle box.For each trial,a light is turned on and is followed ten seconds later by a painful electric shock for one minute.The rat can escape the shock by jumping a barrier into the other compartment.What behaviour would provide evidence of avoidance learning

Accepted Answer

A)  The rat jumps over the barrier when the shock is turned on. 
B)  The rat jumps over the barrier when the light is turned on. 
C)  The rat freezes when the light is turned on. 
D)  The rat doesn't show fear when the shock is turned on. 
A)  The rat jumps over the barrier when the shock is turned on. 
B)  The rat jumps over the barrier when the light is turned on. 
C)  The rat freezes when the light is turned on. 
D)  The rat doesn't show fear when the shock is turned on.

Question 16

What is a discriminative stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  the same thing as an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a cue that indicates whether the unconditioned stimulus will be pleasant or aversive 
C)  the same thing as a reinforcer 
D)  a cue that indicates the probable consequences of an operant response 
A)  the same thing as an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a cue that indicates whether the unconditioned stimulus will be pleasant or aversive 
C)  the same thing as a reinforcer 
D)  a cue that indicates the probable consequences of an operant response

Question 17

Chad learned to fear dogs on his grandparents' farm because the dogs there would often bite him.Back in the city,he lost his fear of dogs because he always had good interactions with dogs there.Which phenomena is likely to occur when he returns to his grandparents' farm

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  response renewal 
D)  superstitious responding 
A)  extinction 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  response renewal 
D)  superstitious responding

Question 18

Which technique is used to teach animals complex tricks,such as teaching dogs to complete obstacle courses

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  programming 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  respondent conditioning 
A)  shaping 
B)  programming 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  respondent conditioning

Question 19

Breland's trained raccoons would deposit single tokens into a slot but would not deposit two tokens,which they rubbed together.What explanation did the Brelands use for this behaviour

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive drift toward food-washing behaviour 
B)  insufficient reinforcement of token placing 
C)  lack of interest in the single tokens 
D)  poor conditioning of token placing 
A)  instinctive drift toward food-washing behaviour 
B)  insufficient reinforcement of token placing 
C)  lack of interest in the single tokens 
D)  poor conditioning of token placing

Question 20

Design a self-modification program to improve your study habits.

Accepted Answer

Good responses will (1)specify observab

Exam 6: A: Learning

Which of your text's unifying themes is illustrated by the biological preparedness explanation for conditioned taste aversions

What principles are you applying if you devise a self-modification program in which you systematically reward yourself for studying

What happens to successful responses,according to Thorndike's view of learning

Darcy feels happy whenever she smells pancakes cooking because of the association of these smells with her grandmother.What is her happiness in this example

According to the studies by Garcia and his colleagues,which of the following is most easily associated with a flavour

Which response by dogs in Pavlov's laboratory triggered Pavlov's interest in conditioning

When Clarice watches scary movies,she covers her eyes as soon as she hears ominous music start to play.With which of the following is Clarice's response consistent

What conclusion can we draw as a result of decades of research on animal models of learning

What is the distinction between primary reinforcers and secondary reinforcers

Compare the acquisition procedures in classical and operant conditioning.What is the essential difference between the two types of conditioning

Cassie asked her father for a candy bar at the grocery store,and her father bought her the candy bar.If Cassie asks for more candy bars in the future,then what is the candy bar

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard,rather than charging an hourly rate for his services.Under which type of reinforcement schedule is Maxwell working

What is a discriminative stimulus

Chad learned to fear dogs on his grandparents' farm because the dogs there would often bite him.Back in the city,he lost his fear of dogs because he always had good interactions with dogs there.Which phenomena is likely to occur when he returns to his grandparents' farm

Which technique is used to teach animals complex tricks,such as teaching dogs to complete obstacle courses

Breland's trained raccoons would deposit single tokens into a slot but would not deposit two tokens,which they rubbed together.What explanation did the Brelands use for this behaviour

Design a self-modification program to improve your study habits.

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

C: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

A: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

C: The Biological Basis of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

B: Learning

C: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

A: Language and Thought

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

C: Intelligence Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

C: Human Development Across the Lifespan

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

C: Stress, Coping Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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