Exam 6: A: Learning

What is the definition of learning,according to your text

John B.Watson and Rosalie Rayner paired the presentation of a rate and a loud,startling sound to an 11-month old boy known as "Little Albert." In this class psychological experiment,what was the conditioned stimulus

Ziggy Lynne has trained her dog, Ziggy, to ring a bell when he needs to go outside to urinate. First, she hung a bell from the doorknob. Every time she took Ziggy outside to urinate, she would ring the bell as she opened the door. If Ziggy bumped into the bell even by accident, she would praise him and take him outside (and he would get a treat each time he eliminated outdoors). If Ziggy urinated indoors, Lynne would ignore him and clean up the mess very quickly. Ziggy learned that going outside to urinate led to treats and praise but urinating indoors led to no attention at all. Ziggy began to intentionally hit the bell with his paw when he needed to go outside. Once this began to happen, Lynne no longer opened the door for Ziggy when he simply bumped into the bell. Also, as the behaviour became more predictable, Lynne no longer provided treats every time Ziggy urinated outdoors. She only provided a treat for urinating outside approximately once per week. There was one major downfall to this training plan. Ziggy came to associate the sound of the bell with urination a little too strongly, so that he ended up wanting to go outside whenever the phone rang! -On what schedule of reinforcement did Lynne provide treats after conditioning was well established

Jocelyn watches her older sister wash the breakfast dishes.Later,Jocelyn attempts to wash some dishes.What was the older sister in this situation

A woman reports feeling happy when she smells fresh hay and manure because of the association of these smells with wonderful visits to her grandparents' farm.How did the positive emotional response that this woman experiences develop

What is the difference between a student who studies in order to earn high grades,and a student who studies to avoid failure

What is it called when an organism acquires a behaviour that prevents the occurrence of an aversive event

Thierry and Renée each want to train their dogs.Thierry wants his dog to feel relaxed when the doorbell rings.Renée wants her dog to bark only when she gives the command to do so.Which methods would be best for each of them

Why is much of the evidence about the effects of spanking considered to be controversial

Ken used to drool when he smelled cookies baking.However,Ken's new roommate makes terrible cookies,and the smell of them baking is no longer associated with a wonderful taste experience.Consequently,Ken finds that the smell of the cookies no longer makes him drool in anticipation.Which classical conditioning process does this illustrate

Josiah checks his text messages quite often throughout the day.Some days there is a text each time he checks; sometimes several hours go by with no new messages arriving.How is Josiah's behaviour of checking his messages being reinforced in this example

Marvin creates a television ad that alternates between images of coffins and people buying cigarettes.He is hoping that people who watch the ad will develop negative feelings toward buying cigarettes after seeing these ads.What is the conditioned stimulus in Marvin's ad

Organisms often continue to make operant responses,even when those responses are no longer reinforced.What is this persistence called

Explain how a specific phobia could be acquired through classical conditioning,being sure to identify the unconditioned stimulus,unconditioned response,conditioned stimulus,and conditioned response in your example.Also,using classical conditioning,indicate how the phobia could be eliminated.

In the cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box,what sort of line indicates a rapid,rather than slow,response rate

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.In the future,whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like,which of the following is the boy most likely to do,based on principles of observational learning

Airi learns to associate the sight of a bee with the pain of a bee sting.After learning this association,she runs into the house every time she sees a bee,avoiding the possibility of a sting.What is the sight of the bee according to Mowrer's two-process theory

When Luis was a child,he really liked the smell of the rose-scented perfume his mother always wore.He came to associate that scent with snuggles and hugs from his mom.As an adult,Luis feels calm and contented when he smells any floral scent,including lilacs and wildflowers.What process does this illustrate

Dr.Baptista is attempting to train both birds and rodents to fear a clicking sound by pairing the click with presentation of shock.The birds respond with fear to the clicking sound very early in the experiment,but the rodents take a long time to learn.Dr.Baptista notes that the rodents' mating calls sound very much like the clicking noises used in the experiment.What would explain the rodents' slow learning in this study