Exam 6: A: Learning

Miguel used to enjoy occasionally drinking a glass of red wine,but when he drank too much red wine at a friend's party a few months ago,he woke up with a terrible hangover.Since then,Miguel refuses to drink any red wine.What is the hangover in this case

In classical conditioning,a subject can learn to respond to one conditioned stimulus but not to another similar stimulus.What is this phenomenon called

What is the single best way to ensure a strong conditioned response,according to Rescorla

Ziggy Lynne has trained her dog, Ziggy, to ring a bell when he needs to go outside to urinate. First, she hung a bell from the doorknob. Every time she took Ziggy outside to urinate, she would ring the bell as she opened the door. If Ziggy bumped into the bell even by accident, she would praise him and take him outside (and he would get a treat each time he eliminated outdoors). If Ziggy urinated indoors, Lynne would ignore him and clean up the mess very quickly. Ziggy learned that going outside to urinate led to treats and praise but urinating indoors led to no attention at all. Ziggy began to intentionally hit the bell with his paw when he needed to go outside. Once this began to happen, Lynne no longer opened the door for Ziggy when he simply bumped into the bell. Also, as the behaviour became more predictable, Lynne no longer provided treats every time Ziggy urinated outdoors. She only provided a treat for urinating outside approximately once per week. There was one major downfall to this training plan. Ziggy came to associate the sound of the bell with urination a little too strongly, so that he ended up wanting to go outside whenever the phone rang! -What process was Lynne using by rewarding even accidental ringing of the bell,but gradually working up to reinforcing only intentional ringing

Eduardo's mother always wore Chantille perfume,and he always smelled it when she hugged him.Today,whenever he catches a whiff of Chantille perfume,it makes him feel calm and relaxed.Which learning process best accounts for Eduardo's response to the scent of Chantille perfume

Which statement best describes observational learning

Kaleb developed a fear of snowstorms two winters ago when his car spun off the road and hit a tree during a blizzard.As the winter progressed,and he had no further accidents,Kaleb thought his fear of snowstorms had disappeared.To his surprise,this winter when the first heavy snow started to fall as he was driving,he found his heart was pounding and he was trembling.What does this illustrate

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer

The basic principles of gradual acquisition,extinction,stimulus generalization,and discrimination apply to which type of learning

According to Skinner,when is a stimulus considered to be a reinforcer

What is the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response in classical conditioning

Steve is a professional basketball player.He never knows for sure which of his shots will result in a basket,but the more shots he takes,the more baskets he makes.How is Steve's shooting reinforced in this example

Nadja used to really enjoy potato salad,and at a recent family reunion,she ate a large helping.Unfortunately,the potato salad had gone bad,and Nadja became quite ill after eating it.Now she finds that even the sight of potatoes in the grocery store can make her feel sick to her stomach.What is the sick feeling Nadja experiences when she sees potatoes in the grocery store in this example

What does negative reinforcement involve

Dillon is 4 years old,and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." Which method will be most useful for modifying Dillon's behaviour

Ziggy Lynne has trained her dog, Ziggy, to ring a bell when he needs to go outside to urinate. First, she hung a bell from the doorknob. Every time she took Ziggy outside to urinate, she would ring the bell as she opened the door. If Ziggy bumped into the bell even by accident, she would praise him and take him outside (and he would get a treat each time he eliminated outdoors). If Ziggy urinated indoors, Lynne would ignore him and clean up the mess very quickly. Ziggy learned that going outside to urinate led to treats and praise but urinating indoors led to no attention at all. Ziggy began to intentionally hit the bell with his paw when he needed to go outside. Once this began to happen, Lynne no longer opened the door for Ziggy when he simply bumped into the bell. Also, as the behaviour became more predictable, Lynne no longer provided treats every time Ziggy urinated outdoors. She only provided a treat for urinating outside approximately once per week. There was one major downfall to this training plan. Ziggy came to associate the sound of the bell with urination a little too strongly, so that he ended up wanting to go outside whenever the phone rang! -What do you call Ziggy's behaviour of ringing the bell,from a conditioning perspective

Geraldo begins to chew his fingernails every time his teacher enters the classroom.What is the antecedent in this case

Katrina is trying to put a coin into a vending machine in her office.Sometimes the machine will take a coin on the first try,and other times it can take up to five or six tries before the coin is finally accepted.On which type of schedule is inserting a coin into the vending machine reinforced in this example

If a pigeon is fearful in the presence of a blue light and not a yellow light,what has the pigeon learned

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate,but it takes a break from lever pressing each time a food pellet is delivered.What type of schedule was likely used to train the rat