Exam 6: A: Learning

What are mirror neurons

Which statement is consistent with research on the use of punishment by parents

What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement

You are watching a cumulative recorder that is connected to a small disk in a chamber.The pigeon has been trained to peck the disk when a red light is turned on,and not to peck the disk when a green light is turned on.What should you observe when the green light is turned on,based on this information

Briefly describe observational learning and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

What is the first step in a behaviour modification program

What is the major difference between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

On Tuesday morning,Chloe prepared her typical breakfast of cereal with milk,fruit,and black coffee.However,instead of having grapefruit with her breakfast as she normally does,she tried eating mango for the first time.Later she became extremely ill.If her illness causes her to develop a conditioned response to one of her breakfast items,which food will elicit the conditioned response

Which term refers to the application of operant principles to solve behaviour problems

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone.Then a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials.Finally,the light is presented alone,and the dog salivates.What is this procedure called

Nate is watching the cumulative recorder that is connected to a box where a rat is pressing a lever to receive food reinforcement.The slope of the line is becoming flatter and flatter over time.What can Nate conclude about the rat's response rate,based on this output

Carly used to get very anxious in the waiting room at her doctor's office because it was associated with the pain of having blood drawn.Recently,Carly's doctor retired,and a new doctor took over his office.Carly's new doctor uses a technique that is virtually painless,and the sight of the waiting room is no longer associated with pain.Consequently,Carly finds her anxiety in the waiting room has disappeared.Which classical conditioning process does this illustrate

Which of the following is most consistent with higher-order conditioning

An organization creates a television ad that alternates between images of ruined landscapes and people filling up huge trucks at gas stations.If people develop negative feelings about buying large trucks as a result of watching this ad,what would those negative feelings represent

Noel's skill at hitting a baseball gradually improves as his attempts produce more frequent and longer-distance hits.Which process does this example illustrate

What is it called when an animal's innate response tendencies interfere with the conditioning process

Ziggy Lynne has trained her dog, Ziggy, to ring a bell when he needs to go outside to urinate. First, she hung a bell from the doorknob. Every time she took Ziggy outside to urinate, she would ring the bell as she opened the door. If Ziggy bumped into the bell even by accident, she would praise him and take him outside (and he would get a treat each time he eliminated outdoors). If Ziggy urinated indoors, Lynne would ignore him and clean up the mess very quickly. Ziggy learned that going outside to urinate led to treats and praise but urinating indoors led to no attention at all. Ziggy began to intentionally hit the bell with his paw when he needed to go outside. Once this began to happen, Lynne no longer opened the door for Ziggy when he simply bumped into the bell. Also, as the behaviour became more predictable, Lynne no longer provided treats every time Ziggy urinated outdoors. She only provided a treat for urinating outside approximately once per week. There was one major downfall to this training plan. Ziggy came to associate the sound of the bell with urination a little too strongly, so that he ended up wanting to go outside whenever the phone rang! -Lynne provided a treat each time Ziggy went outside.What was the treat called,from a conditioning perspective

Suppose that a subject is shifted from a low fixed-ratio schedule (few responses required to earn a reinforcer)to a higher fixed-ratio schedule (more responses required to earn a reinforcer).What is most likely to be the result

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate and does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.Which type of reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example

What does the evolutionary perspective on learning suggest