Question 1

Which of the following is true of complement?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a large group of serum proteins. 
B)  They are a type of antibody. 
C)  They are mainly produced by macrophages. 
D)  They are mainly produced by lymphocytes. 
E)  They are considered to be a PAMP. 
A)  They are a large group of serum proteins. 
B)  They are a type of antibody. 
C)  They are mainly produced by macrophages. 
D)  They are mainly produced by lymphocytes. 
E)  They are considered to be a PAMP.

Question 2

Septic shock may be induced by exposure to a large amount of LPS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Natural Killer (NK)cells specialize in destroying these.

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi 
B)  protozoa 
C)  parasitic worms 
D)  pathogen infected cells 
E)  viruses 
A)  fungi 
B)  protozoa 
C)  parasitic worms 
D)  pathogen infected cells 
E)  viruses

Question 4

Describe the natural defenses found in the stomach,small intestine,and large intestine that act as barriers to infection.

Accepted Answer

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract ha

Question 5

If an individual is resistant to infection and disease development by a specific pathogen,the person is said to be _______________ to the infectious agent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an individual is resistant to infection...

Question 6

During the process of phagocytosis,microbes are contained within the phagosome.The phagosome fuses with vesicles in the cell that contain components for the destruction and degradation of the microbe.Which one of the following strategies is NOT used to destroy the phagocytized microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  degradation by enzymes 
B)  inactivation by acidification 
C)  lysis via membrane pores 
D)  destruction by antibodies 
E)  destruction by toxic oxygen radicals 
A)  degradation by enzymes 
B)  inactivation by acidification 
C)  lysis via membrane pores 
D)  destruction by antibodies 
E)  destruction by toxic oxygen radicals

Question 7

Iron is usually freely available in the body for access by invading pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a natural defense barrier against infection of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  large numbers of resident microbes 
B)  bile salts 
C)  peristalsis 
D)  mucus 
E)  antimicrobial peptides 
A)  large numbers of resident microbes 
B)  bile salts 
C)  peristalsis 
D)  mucus 
E)  antimicrobial peptides

Question 9

How do toll-like receptors (TLRs)function to recognize foreign cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class o

Question 10

Which of these is an example of "non-sterile immunity"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The complete destruction of the measles virus by the immune system response. 
B)  The removal of a toxin from the body by a specific antibody response. 
C)  Preventing the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by encasing it in tubercles in the lungs. 
D)  Immunization against the polio virus for the development of a quick immune response to destroy the virus. 
E)  Immune recognition and destruction of a Rhinovirus strain to which a person was previously exposed. 
A)  The complete destruction of the measles virus by the immune system response. 
B)  The removal of a toxin from the body by a specific antibody response. 
C)  Preventing the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by encasing it in tubercles in the lungs. 
D)  Immunization against the polio virus for the development of a quick immune response to destroy the virus. 
E)  Immune recognition and destruction of a Rhinovirus strain to which a person was previously exposed.

Question 11

Which one of the following is NOT part of the mucosal surface defense barrier against microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme 
B)  keratinized cells 
C)  ciliated epithelial cells 
D)  lactoferrin 
E)  mucus 
A)  lysozyme 
B)  keratinized cells 
C)  ciliated epithelial cells 
D)  lactoferrin 
E)  mucus

Question 12

What is the main function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

A)  To cause hay fever. 
B)  To protect against helminths. 
C)  To protect against fungi. 
D)  To stimulate the inflammatory response. 
E)  To protect against bacteria. 
A)  To cause hay fever. 
B)  To protect against helminths. 
C)  To protect against fungi. 
D)  To stimulate the inflammatory response. 
E)  To protect against bacteria.

Question 13

A component often added to vaccines to enhance the immune response to microbial components in the vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulant 
B)  complement 
C)  adjuvant 
D)  pyrogen 
E)  antagonist 
A)  stimulant 
B)  complement 
C)  adjuvant 
D)  pyrogen 
E)  antagonist

Question 14

The inflammatory response will sometimes produce a fever.Why is fever considered a defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever slows the body's metabolism. 
B)  Fever decreases the inflammatory response. 
C)  Fever prevents a person from becoming cold. 
D)  Fever inhibits or decreases pathogen growth. 
E)  Fever stimulates antibody production. 
A)  Fever slows the body's metabolism. 
B)  Fever decreases the inflammatory response. 
C)  Fever prevents a person from becoming cold. 
D)  Fever inhibits or decreases pathogen growth. 
E)  Fever stimulates antibody production.

Question 15

Which of these would induce the liver to produce C-reactive protein?.

Accepted Answer

A)  A Gram positive bacterial infection. 
B)  Inflammation. 
C)  Complement activation. 
D)  Phagocytosis. 
E)  The presence of mannose. 
A)  A Gram positive bacterial infection. 
B)  Inflammation. 
C)  Complement activation. 
D)  Phagocytosis. 
E)  The presence of mannose.

Question 16

Macrophages are neutrophils that have undergone differentiation once they enter tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Neutrophils are commonly referred to as _________________ because of their odd shaped nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  dendritic cells 
D)  polymophonuclear leukocytes 
E)  multinuclear leukocytes 
A)  monocytes 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  dendritic cells 
D)  polymophonuclear leukocytes 
E)  multinuclear leukocytes

Question 18

An example of a secreted PRR is mannose-binding lectin.What is a lectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A lipid that binds proteins. 
B)  A carbohydrate that binds proteins. 
C)  A carbohydrate that binds carbohydrates. 
D)  A protein that binds carbohydrates. 
E)  A protein that binds other proteins. 
A)  A lipid that binds proteins. 
B)  A carbohydrate that binds proteins. 
C)  A carbohydrate that binds carbohydrates. 
D)  A protein that binds carbohydrates. 
E)  A protein that binds other proteins.

Question 19

Iron deficiency may protect the body against certain pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The classical pathway of complement activation is initiated through the recognition of bound antibody to antigen on the microbe surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion

Which of the following is true of complement?

Septic shock may be induced by exposure to a large amount of LPS.

Natural Killer (NK)cells specialize in destroying these.

Describe the natural defenses found in the stomach,small intestine,and large intestine that act as barriers to infection.

If an individual is resistant to infection and disease development by a specific pathogen,the person is said to be _______________ to the infectious agent.

During the process of phagocytosis,microbes are contained within the phagosome.The phagosome fuses with vesicles in the cell that contain components for the destruction and degradation of the microbe.Which one of the following strategies is NOT used to destroy the phagocytized microbe?

Iron is usually freely available in the body for access by invading pathogens.

Which of the following is NOT a natural defense barrier against infection of the small intestine?

How do toll-like receptors (TLRs)function to recognize foreign cells in the body?

Which of these is an example of "non-sterile immunity"?

Which one of the following is NOT part of the mucosal surface defense barrier against microbial invasion?

What is the main function of eosinophils?

A component often added to vaccines to enhance the immune response to microbial components in the vaccine.

The inflammatory response will sometimes produce a fever.Why is fever considered a defense mechanism?

Which of these would induce the liver to produce C-reactive protein?.

Macrophages are neutrophils that have undergone differentiation once they enter tissue.

Neutrophils are commonly referred to as _________________ because of their odd shaped nucleus.

An example of a secreted PRR is mannose-binding lectin.What is a lectin?

Iron deficiency may protect the body against certain pathogens.

The classical pathway of complement activation is initiated through the recognition of bound antibody to antigen on the microbe surface.

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