Question 1

Which of the following snacks would the best choice for a dental hygienist to recommend to reduce the risk of dental caries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peanut butter and crackers 
B)  Cheese cubes 
C)  Caramel candy 
D)  Raisins 
A)  Peanut butter and crackers 
B)  Cheese cubes 
C)  Caramel candy 
D)  Raisins

Question 2

Snacks contribute significantly to the nutritional intake of young children and teenagers. Approximately 50% of commonly consumed snack foods contain fermentable carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 3

Each of the following statements is true of sugar substitutes except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugar substitutes have beneficial ramification for dental hygiene. 
B)  Consumption of caloric sweeteners is increasing faster than that of low-calorie sweeteners. 
C)  Nonnutritive sweeteners make some foods more palatable. 
D)  Each sweetener has different properties. 
A)  Sugar substitutes have beneficial ramification for dental hygiene. 
B)  Consumption of caloric sweeteners is increasing faster than that of low-calorie sweeteners. 
C)  Nonnutritive sweeteners make some foods more palatable. 
D)  Each sweetener has different properties.

Question 4

If a patient complains of diarrhea, which of the following carbohydrates is most likely to be the culprit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sorbitol 
B)  Sucrose 
C)  Mannose 
D)  Pentose 
E)  Aspartame 
A)  Sorbitol 
B)  Sucrose 
C)  Mannose 
D)  Pentose 
E)  Aspartame

Question 5

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains the most significant level of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Egg 
B)  Beef 
C)  Milk 
D)  Poultry 
A)  Egg 
B)  Beef 
C)  Milk 
D)  Poultry

Question 6

Each of the following statements is true of sugar alcohols except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xylitol is anticariogenic because oral bacteria cannot ferment it. 
B)  Sugar alcohols can inhibit growth of S. mutans. 
C)  Sugar alcohols can prevent the lowering of plaque biofilm pH. 
D)  Lactitol is twice as sweet as sucrose. 
A)  Xylitol is anticariogenic because oral bacteria cannot ferment it. 
B)  Sugar alcohols can inhibit growth of S. mutans. 
C)  Sugar alcohols can prevent the lowering of plaque biofilm pH. 
D)  Lactitol is twice as sweet as sucrose.

Question 7

Galactose, a sugar alcohol called xylitol that is produced from sugar beets, does not contribute tooth decay because oral bacteria lack the enzymes to ferment xylitol.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 8

When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight, which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron, fiber, and protein 
B)  Iron, fiber, and vitamin K 
C)  Vitamin A and vitamin C 
D)  Iron, fiber, and B vitamins 
A)  Iron, fiber, and protein 
B)  Iron, fiber, and vitamin K 
C)  Vitamin A and vitamin C 
D)  Iron, fiber, and B vitamins

Question 9

Each of the following is associated with increased dental erosion except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequent consumption of acidic beverages 
B)  Increased salivary flow 
C)  Prolonged holding of food in the mouth 
D)  Mouth breathing 
A)  Frequent consumption of acidic beverages 
B)  Increased salivary flow 
C)  Prolonged holding of food in the mouth 
D)  Mouth breathing

Question 10

Each of the following nonnutritive sweeteners can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclamate 
B)  Acesulfame-K 
C)  Saccharine 
D)  Aspartame 
E)  Sucralose 
A)  Cyclamate 
B)  Acesulfame-K 
C)  Saccharine 
D)  Aspartame 
E)  Sucralose

Question 11

Ideal foods to recommend to patients to increase their fiber intake include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fruits with skins 
B)  Unbuttered popcorn 
C)  Carrots 
D)  Oatmeal cookies 
E)  Whole-grain crackers 
A)  Fruits with skins 
B)  Unbuttered popcorn 
C)  Carrots 
D)  Oatmeal cookies 
E)  Whole-grain crackers

Question 12

Each of the following statements is correct about high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Among other names, HFCS has been labeled "the devil's candy" by the lay press. 
B)  HFCS is composed of glucose and glucose polymers. 
C)  HFCS is sweeter than regular corn syrup. 
D)  The USDA gas stated that HFCS can be labeled as a natural ingredient. 
A)  Among other names, HFCS has been labeled "the devil's candy" by the lay press. 
B)  HFCS is composed of glucose and glucose polymers. 
C)  HFCS is sweeter than regular corn syrup. 
D)  The USDA gas stated that HFCS can be labeled as a natural ingredient.

Question 13

Dietary fiber is digested and absorbed in the stomach. Resistant starch, a form of dietary fiber, functions as a prebiotic and helps with regularity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 14

Viscous fibers, also referred to as soluble fibers, delay gastric emptying because their gel-forming ability increases the viscosity of chyme.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. 
D)  The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 15

Complex carbohydrates contain more than 10 monosaccharides. Complex carbohydrates are also called disaccharides.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 16

While counseling a patient about the benefits of fiber, each of the following suggestions are correct except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fiber increases the stool bulk. 
B)  Fiber provides muscle tone for digestive muscles. 
C)  Fiber enables increased colonic pressure. 
D)  Fiber slows starch hydrolysis. 
A)  Fiber increases the stool bulk. 
B)  Fiber provides muscle tone for digestive muscles. 
C)  Fiber enables increased colonic pressure. 
D)  Fiber slows starch hydrolysis.

Question 17

Each of the following would be a good source of soluble fiber to recommend to a patient with diarrhea except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bran 
B)  Apples 
C)  Ripe bananas 
D)  Legumes 
A)  Bran 
B)  Apples 
C)  Ripe bananas 
D)  Legumes

Question 18

Dietary fiber, especially hemicellulose and cellulose, is furnished by grain products such as wheat, corn, rice, and oats. The fiber content of foods claiming "whole-grain" must have more than 5 g of fiber per serving.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

It is well established that removing sucrose from the diet results in significant reduction of dental caries. Although the total elimination of sweets permanently is unrealistic, the best advice includes consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 20

Carbohydrates alone do not cause obesity. Excessive caloric intake and inadequate energy output are the primary causes of obesity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second is true.

Exam 4: Carbohydrate: the Efficient Fuel

Which of the following snacks would the best choice for a dental hygienist to recommend to reduce the risk of dental caries?

Snacks contribute significantly to the nutritional intake of young children and teenagers. Approximately 50% of commonly consumed snack foods contain fermentable carbohydrates.

Each of the following statements is true of sugar substitutes except one. Which one is the exception?

If a patient complains of diarrhea, which of the following carbohydrates is most likely to be the culprit?

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains the most significant level of carbohydrates?

Each of the following statements is true of sugar alcohols except one. Which one is the exception?

Galactose, a sugar alcohol called xylitol that is produced from sugar beets, does not contribute tooth decay because oral bacteria lack the enzymes to ferment xylitol.

When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight, which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?

Each of the following is associated with increased dental erosion except one. Which one is the exception?

Each of the following nonnutritive sweeteners can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria except one. Which one is the exception?

Ideal foods to recommend to patients to increase their fiber intake include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Each of the following statements is correct about high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) except one. Which one is the exception?

Dietary fiber is digested and absorbed in the stomach. Resistant starch, a form of dietary fiber, functions as a prebiotic and helps with regularity.

Viscous fibers, also referred to as soluble fibers, delay gastric emptying because their gel-forming ability increases the viscosity of chyme.

Complex carbohydrates contain more than 10 monosaccharides. Complex carbohydrates are also called disaccharides.

While counseling a patient about the benefits of fiber, each of the following suggestions are correct except one. Which one is the exception?

Each of the following would be a good source of soluble fiber to recommend to a patient with diarrhea except one. Which one is the exception?

Dietary fiber, especially hemicellulose and cellulose, is furnished by grain products such as wheat, corn, rice, and oats. The fiber content of foods claiming "whole-grain" must have more than 5 g of fiber per serving.

It is well established that removing sucrose from the diet results in significant reduction of dental caries. Although the total elimination of sweets permanently is unrealistic, the best advice includes consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure.

Carbohydrates alone do not cause obesity. Excessive caloric intake and inadequate energy output are the primary causes of obesity.

Overview of Healthy Eating Habits

Concepts in Biochemistry

The Alimentary Canal: Digestion and Absorption

Protein: the Cellular Foundation

Lipids: the Condensed Energy

Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance

Vitamins Required for Calcified Structures

Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures

Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures

Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands

Fluids and Minerals Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands

Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in Women

Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits

Food Factors Affecting Health

Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional Status and Oral Health

Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease

Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral Cavity

Nutritional Assessment and Education for Dental Patients

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