Exam 8: Introduction to Design

Figure TB 8-5 0 X 0 0 X 0 -What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?

When the change from pretest to posttest is due not to your program but rather to a change in the way you measured the outcome,there is a(n)_______________ threat to internal validity.

Narrative 8-1: The Reality Show  Two groups are competing on a television reality show to determine which can lose the most weight.Every week,the groups have a special competition to determine which group will get extra help,in the form of exercise training,dietary counseling,or other skills development. -The Green Team has won nine weeks in a row,and the Blue Team is angry and wonders what the point is in continuing to try.This is classified as ____.

Temporal precedence means the effect occurs before the cause.

Laura and Beatrice work at two different shelters for teens who cannot remain in their homes,but are not wards of the court.They have both shown their clients an extraordinary documentary on homeless teens that features two who actually testify to Congress about the need for services.Their clients became much more hopeful about their own futures after seeing the documentary.Word has gotten around about the documentary,and several of their mutual friends want to schedule showings of it.Rosa works at two different facilities,and decides to administer the instrument assessing hopefulness to both of the facilities,show the documentary at one facility,and then administer the assessment again at that facility.This is an example of a(n)____.

In research design notation,the letter O signifies a(n)_______________.

Laura works at a local shelter for teens who cannot remain in their homes,but are not wards of the court.She showed them an extraordinary documentary on homeless teens that featured two who actually testify to Congress about the need for services,and they became much more hopeful about their own futures.She is sharing this with Beatrice,a friend in another city who also works with high risk teens.Beatrice is a bit more cautious,and decides to randomly create two groups of teens at her facility.She shows one group the inspirational documentary,while the other group simply goes about their usual activities.After the treatment group has viewed the documentary,she has both groups of teens complete the instrument assessing how positively they view their futures.This is an example of a(n)____.

Mehmet is conducting a study aimed at improving the problem solving abilities of older adults.Prior to the intervention,all of the participants are given a series of problems to solve and,in the process of trying to solve them,many of the participants refine their approaches to problem solving.As a result,Mehmet's study has a(n)____ threat.

If plausible alternative explanations have been ruled out,a study can be said to have established ____.

Figure TB 8-4 0 0 X 0 -What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?

What is internal validity and why does it matter?

When a researcher rules out plausible alternative explanations,the researcher is establishing internal validity.

Pat notices that when thunder can be heard in the distance,her dog,Rudy hides under her desk,and she believes that the thunder causes Rudy to hide.In experimental terms,the thunder has ____ to the hiding.

Joyce is conducting a social media campaign for getting more young women to get Pap smears to screen for cervical cancer and its precursors.Shortly after her campaign begins,a famous female reality star is diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer,resulting in an increase in young women getting screened.This is an example of a(n)____ threat.

A(n)_______________ threat is any factor that leads to differences between the groups at the start of the study.

Figure TB 8-1 -What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?

A research study that does not have random assignment can still be an experiment if there is a proper control group.

When a possible cause occurs prior to the effect,____ has been demonstrated.

Figure TB 8-3 -What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?

What is compensatory rivalry? Illustrate with an example.