Exam 8: Introduction to Design

_______________ or imitation of treatment occurs when a comparison group learns about the program either directly or indirectly from program group participants.

Wanda is conducting a study of social behaviors among children who are considered to be at high risk because one or both of their parents is in prison.Two observers rate the children's social skills,perform an intervention that consists of structured socialization opportunities,and then rate the children's social skills again.Unfortunately,neither of her original observers are available after the intervention,so she has to use two new observers.As a result,Wanda has a(n)____ threat.

Issues of cause and effect are closely related to choices of experimental design.

If there is random assignment,a research study can be said to be a(n)_______________.

Experimental designs use _______________ assignment.

When taking the pretest affects how participants do on the posttest,there is a(n)____ threat.

Any factor that leads to differences between the groups at the start of the study is termed a(n)____ threat.

When a significant number of subjects drop out of a study,there is a(n)____ threat.

List and discuss the three criteria for establishing causality.

Random assignment and random selection are the same thing.

A group comparable in every way possible to your experimental group except that it does not receive the program is called a(n)____ group.

Figure TB 8-8 N 0 X 0 N 0 0 N 0 0 -What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?

If there is not random assignment,but there is a control group and/or multiple measures,a research study can be said to be a(n)_______________.

Richard has developed an intervention that he believes will improve the parenting skills of teenage fathers.He has observers rate the behavior of the fathers when their infants are less than one month old,provides the young men with parenting education,and then has the observers rate the interaction of the fathers and infants again when the babies are about six months old.One of the measures Richard is using is the amount of eye contact maintained between the fathers and infants.He recognizes,however,that between one and six months of age,infants gain in both their ability to control head movement and in visual skills.This is best described as a(n)  ____ threat.

What is the regression threat in a single group design?

Pat notices that when thunder can be heard in the distance,her dog,Rudy hides under her desk,and she believes that the thunder causes Rudy to hide.She notices that Rudy does not hide in response to other loud noises,if,for example,she drops a cast iron pan in the kitchen.In experimental terms,Pat has observed ____.

The statistical phenomenon that falsely makes it appear that your group changed to be more like the overall population between the pretest and posttest is referred to as _______________ to the mean.

Figure TB 8-6 0 0 0 0 -What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?

​Figure TB 8-9 -The notation in the accompanying figure indicates a(n)_______________.

Narrative 8-1: The Reality Show  Two groups are competing on a television reality show to determine which can lose the most weight.Every week,the groups have a special competition to determine which group will get extra help,in the form of exercise training,dietary counseling,or other skills development. -This week,the Green Team has won some special exercise training.Somehow,a Blue Team member manages to observe the training session and shares the training with the rest of the Blue Team.This is classified as ____.