Question 1

Which theory do Young, Valach and Collin (1996, 2002) propose as one way to understand a contextualist explanation of career counseling?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Change theory 
B) ​Environment theory 
C) ​Action theory 
D) ​Career theory 
A) ​Change theory 
B) ​Environment theory 
C) ​Action theory 
D) ​Career theory C

Question 2

In the early 1990s, Super created a model to delineate the changing diversity of life roles experienced by individuals during the life span.What is the title of this model?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Lifestage model 
B) ​Career maturity model 
C) ​Archway model 
D) ​Archway life model 
A) ​Lifestage model 
B) ​Career maturity model 
C) ​Archway model 
D) ​Archway life model C

Question 3

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Congruence occurs when an individual's personality type matches the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career 
A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career C

Question 4

The term "social space" refers to:​

Accepted Answer

A) images of occupations. 
B) ​the process by which individuals will settle for a "good" choice but not the best possible one. 
C) the zone of acceptable alternatives in each person's map of occupations, or each person's view of where he or she fits or would want to fit into society​. 
D) how adolescents and adults distinguish occupations into major dimensions. 
A) images of occupations. 
B) ​the process by which individuals will settle for a "good" choice but not the best possible one. 
C) the zone of acceptable alternatives in each person's map of occupations, or each person's view of where he or she fits or would want to fit into society​. 
D) how adolescents and adults distinguish occupations into major dimensions.

Question 5

Trait-Oriented Theories
-The ultimate goal of career counseling is achieved by facilitating the growth of information processing skills.

Accepted Answer

A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career 
A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Question 6

What did John Holland (1992) stress as being important in the search for vocational satisfaction and stability?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​The importance of self-knowledge 
B) ​Satisfaction theory 
C) ​Skilled trades 
D) ​Diverse careers 
A) ​The importance of self-knowledge 
B) ​Satisfaction theory 
C) ​Skilled trades 
D) ​Diverse careers

Question 7

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Individual needs and the reinforcer systems in the work environment are important aspects of stability and tenure.

Accepted Answer

A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career 
A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Question 8

Trait-Oriented Theories
-The major purpose of action theory is to organize the interpretation of human actions that usually represents the general intention of the individual.One can be influenced by the characteristics of others and the unique characteristics of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career 
A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Question 9

Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice.Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Career-entry behavior such as applying for a job or selecting an educational or training institution 
B) ​Expanding capabilities and interests 
C) ​Sets of developed skills used in coping with the environment 
D) ​Generalization of self derived from experiences and performance in relation to learned standards 
A) ​Career-entry behavior such as applying for a job or selecting an educational or training institution 
B) ​Expanding capabilities and interests 
C) ​Sets of developed skills used in coping with the environment 
D) ​Generalization of self derived from experiences and performance in relation to learned standards

Question 10

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Life roles are interconnected in that success in one life role promotes success in other life roles.

Accepted Answer

A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career 
A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Question 11

Prestige of sex type are variables in the theory of:​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Super 
B) ​Krumboltz 
C) ​Gottfredson 
D) ​Holland 
A) ​Super 
B) ​Krumboltz 
C) ​Gottfredson 
D) ​Holland

Question 12

What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?​

Accepted Answer

Major Points
Advantages
Straightforward,

Question 13

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life:​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Is primarily influenced by one's vocational orientation 
B) ​Is an expression of career maturity 
C) ​Represents verification of one's personal modal style 
D) ​Results from expression of one's vocational self-concept 
A) ​Is primarily influenced by one's vocational orientation 
B) ​Is an expression of career maturity 
C) ​Represents verification of one's personal modal style 
D) ​Results from expression of one's vocational self-concept

Question 14

The theory of constructivism suggests that:​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Constructs have nothing to do with individual perceptions 
B) ​Constructs are simply the way one processes information and their resulting perceptions 
C) ​Constructs are primarily the result of family interactions during adolescence 
D) ​Constructs are personality dimensions gone haywire 
A) ​Constructs have nothing to do with individual perceptions 
B) ​Constructs are simply the way one processes information and their resulting perceptions 
C) ​Constructs are primarily the result of family interactions during adolescence 
D) ​Constructs are personality dimensions gone haywire

Question 15

Trait-Oriented Theories
-A similarity assessment model provides a means of evaluating occupations for fit.

Accepted Answer

A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career 
A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Question 16

Actualization is a period that is highlighted by one's focus on:​

Accepted Answer

A) ​maintenance and management. 
B) ​settling down. 
C) ​growth. 
D) ​career identification. 
A) ​maintenance and management. 
B) ​settling down. 
C) ​growth. 
D) ​career identification.

Question 17

How might a person in early adulthood recycle through the developmental tasks of Super's life-span approach?

Accepted Answer

Major Points
Growth - learning to relate

Question 18

The cognitive process period of formulating a general vocational goal through awareness of resources, contingencies, interests, values and planning for the preferred occupation is called:​

Accepted Answer

A) ​implementation. 
B) ​stabilization. 
C) crystallization. 
D) ​specification. 
A) ​implementation. 
B) ​stabilization. 
C) crystallization. 
D) ​specification.

Question 19

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Aptitude, interests, and measure of client traits can be used to focus on new learning that promotes career choice.

Accepted Answer

A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career 
A) Trait and Factor Theory 
B) Person-Environment Correspondence (PE
C)  Counseling 
C) John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories 
D) Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling 
E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Question 20

What is the centerpiece of Super's approach to vocational behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Stages and Tasks theory 
B) ​Self-concept theory 
C) ​Performance model theory 
D) ​Choice model theory 
A) ​Stages and Tasks theory 
B) ​Self-concept theory 
C) ​Performance model theory 
D) ​Choice model theory

Which theory do Young, Valach and Collin (1996, 2002) propose as one way to understand a contextualist explanation of career counseling?

In the early 1990s, Super created a model to delineate the changing diversity of life roles experienced by individuals during the life span.What is the title of this model?

Trait-Oriented Theories -Congruence occurs when an individual's personality type matches the environment.

The term "social space" refers to:

Trait-Oriented Theories -The ultimate goal of career counseling is achieved by facilitating the growth of information processing skills.

What did John Holland (1992) stress as being important in the search for vocational satisfaction and stability?

Trait-Oriented Theories -Individual needs and the reinforcer systems in the work environment are important aspects of stability and tenure.

Trait-Oriented Theories -The major purpose of action theory is to organize the interpretation of human actions that usually represents the general intention of the individual.One can be influenced by the characteristics of others and the unique characteristics of the environment.

Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice.Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?

Trait-Oriented Theories -Life roles are interconnected in that success in one life role promotes success in other life roles.

Prestige of sex type are variables in the theory of:

What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life:

The theory of constructivism suggests that:

Trait-Oriented Theories -A similarity assessment model provides a means of evaluating occupations for fit.

Actualization is a period that is highlighted by one's focus on:

How might a person in early adulthood recycle through the developmental tasks of Super's life-span approach?

The cognitive process period of formulating a general vocational goal through awareness of resources, contingencies, interests, values and planning for the preferred occupation is called:

Trait-Oriented Theories -Aptitude, interests, and measure of client traits can be used to focus on new learning that promotes career choice.

What is the centerpiece of Super's approach to vocational behavior?

Historical Development and Some Basic Issues

Career Counseling Models

Integrating Career and Personal Counseling

Career Counseling Intake Interview

Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling

The Impact of New Technology on Work, Career Development, and Learning Platforms

On Being an Ethical Career Counselor

Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups

Gender Issues and Dual Careers

Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients

Career Counseling for Individuals With Disabilities

Job Loss and Transitions

Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults

Career-Related Programs for Career Development in Elementary Schools

Career- Related Programs for Career Development in Middle School

Career-Related Programs for Career Development in High School and Beyond

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Career Development

Which theory do Young, Valach and Collin (1996, 2002) propose as one way to understand a contextualist explanation of career counseling?​

In the early 1990s, Super created a model to delineate the changing diversity of life roles experienced by individuals during the life span.What is the title of this model?​

Trait-Oriented Theories -Congruence occurs when an individual's personality type matches the environment.

The term "social space" refers to:​

Trait-Oriented Theories -The ultimate goal of career counseling is achieved by facilitating the growth of information processing skills.

What did John Holland (1992) stress as being important in the search for vocational satisfaction and stability?​

Trait-Oriented Theories -Individual needs and the reinforcer systems in the work environment are important aspects of stability and tenure.

Trait-Oriented Theories -The major purpose of action theory is to organize the interpretation of human actions that usually represents the general intention of the individual.One can be influenced by the characteristics of others and the unique characteristics of the environment.

Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice.Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?​

Trait-Oriented Theories -Life roles are interconnected in that success in one life role promotes success in other life roles.

Prestige of sex type are variables in the theory of:​

What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?​

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life:​

The theory of constructivism suggests that:​

Trait-Oriented Theories -A similarity assessment model provides a means of evaluating occupations for fit.

Actualization is a period that is highlighted by one's focus on:​

How might a person in early adulthood recycle through the developmental tasks of Super's life-span approach?

The cognitive process period of formulating a general vocational goal through awareness of resources, contingencies, interests, values and planning for the preferred occupation is called:​

Trait-Oriented Theories -Aptitude, interests, and measure of client traits can be used to focus on new learning that promotes career choice.

What is the centerpiece of Super's approach to vocational behavior?​

Historical Development and Some Basic Issues

Career Counseling Models

Integrating Career and Personal Counseling

Career Counseling Intake Interview

Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling

The Impact of New Technology on Work, Career Development, and Learning Platforms

On Being an Ethical Career Counselor

Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups

Gender Issues and Dual Careers

Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients

Career Counseling for Individuals With Disabilities

Job Loss and Transitions

Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults

Career-Related Programs for Career Development in Elementary Schools

Career- Related Programs for Career Development in Middle School

Career-Related Programs for Career Development in High School and Beyond

Filters

Which theory do Young, Valach and Collin (1996, 2002) propose as one way to understand a contextualist explanation of career counseling?

In the early 1990s, Super created a model to delineate the changing diversity of life roles experienced by individuals during the life span.What is the title of this model?

The term "social space" refers to:

What did John Holland (1992) stress as being important in the search for vocational satisfaction and stability?

Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice.Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?

Prestige of sex type are variables in the theory of:

What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life:

The theory of constructivism suggests that:

Actualization is a period that is highlighted by one's focus on:

The cognitive process period of formulating a general vocational goal through awareness of resources, contingencies, interests, values and planning for the preferred occupation is called:

What is the centerpiece of Super's approach to vocational behavior?