Question 1

Gap junctions are formed by

Accepted Answer

A) groups of 8-12 connexons making a pore in one cell. 
B) groups of 4-6 innexins or connexins forming a pore in one cell. 
C) connexons from adjacent cells connecting with each other to form a cytoplasmic bridge. 
D) both A and C 
E)  both B and C 
A) groups of 8-12 connexons making a pore in one cell. 
B) groups of 4-6 innexins or connexins forming a pore in one cell. 
C) connexons from adjacent cells connecting with each other to form a cytoplasmic bridge. 
D) both A and C 
E)  both B and C

Question 2

When indirect signaling is used,the target cell responds to the signal when that chemical

Accepted Answer

A) binds to an enzyme. 
B) binds to a receptor. 
C) binds to a gene. 
D) binds to the nuclear membrane. 
A) binds to an enzyme. 
B) binds to a receptor. 
C) binds to a gene. 
D) binds to the nuclear membrane.

Question 3

In a __________ feedback loop,the endocrine cell acts as the sensor and integrating center.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a __________ feedback loop,the endocrine cell...

Question 4

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Ligand-gated ion channels change the ion permeability of the membrane,which results in a response by the target cell. 
B) Intracellular receptors interact with hydrophilic chemical messengers. 
C) Receptor enzymes activate extracellular enzymes. 
D) G protein-coupled receptors interact with hydrophobic chemical messengers. 
A) Ligand-gated ion channels change the ion permeability of the membrane,which results in a response by the target cell. 
B) Intracellular receptors interact with hydrophilic chemical messengers. 
C) Receptor enzymes activate extracellular enzymes. 
D) G protein-coupled receptors interact with hydrophobic chemical messengers.

Question 5

Which domain of intracellular receptors binds to responsive elements in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA-binding domain 
B) transactivation domain 
C) ligand-binding domain 
D) membrane-binding domain 
A) DNA-binding domain 
B) transactivation domain 
C) ligand-binding domain 
D) membrane-binding domain

Question 6

__________ is a hormone that is frequently involved with reproductive processes that is also part of a positive feedback loop.

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin (

Question 7

What are endocrine disruptors and how do they affect wildlife populations? Provide two examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that

Question 8

A chemical is termed a neurohormone when it is

Accepted Answer

A) released by a neuron,but travels in the blood like a hormone. 
B) released by an endocrine gland,but binds to receptors on a neuron. 
C) released by neurons and endocrine glands. 
D) known to be involved with communication,but scientists have not concluded which system uses it. 
A) released by a neuron,but travels in the blood like a hormone. 
B) released by an endocrine gland,but binds to receptors on a neuron. 
C) released by neurons and endocrine glands. 
D) known to be involved with communication,but scientists have not concluded which system uses it.

Question 9

Peptide hormones (chains of 50 or fewer amino acids)are first synthesized as

Accepted Answer

A) the hormone itself. 
B) prehormones. 
C) prohormones. 
D) preprohormones. 
A) the hormone itself. 
B) prehormones. 
C) prohormones. 
D) preprohormones.

Question 10

Hormones are chemicals that are released into the blood and travel all over the body where they can have effects on their target cells.Discuss the mechanisms that allow only the target cells to respond and how target cells may have very different responses to the same hormone.

Accepted Answer

In order for a target cell to respond to

Question 11

Which of the following is different between stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins in the cyclic AMP pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) α subunit 
B) β subunit 
C) γ subunit 
D) all of the above 
A) α subunit 
B) β subunit 
C) γ subunit 
D) all of the above

Question 12

When chemical signals are sent between two animals,__________ communication is being used.

Accepted Answer

A) neural 
B) endocrine 
C) autocrine 
D) exocrine 
A) neural 
B) endocrine 
C) autocrine 
D) exocrine

Question 13

The term __________ is used for chains more than fifty amino acids long,while the term peptide is reserved for shorter chains.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term __________ is used for chains...

Question 14

Phospholipase C cuts membrane phospholipids into

Accepted Answer

A) PIP₂ and DAG. 
B) PIP₂ and IP₃. 
C) Ca²⁺ and DAG. 
D) DAG and IP₃. 
A) PIP₂ and DAG. 
B) PIP₂ and IP₃. 
C) Ca²⁺ and DAG. 
D) DAG and IP₃.

Question 15

Up-regulation of receptors

Accepted Answer

A) results in increased sensitivity to its ligand. 
B) results in decreased sensitivity to its ligand. 
C) occurs when a ligand has been present at high levels. 
D) both B and C 
A) results in increased sensitivity to its ligand. 
B) results in decreased sensitivity to its ligand. 
C) occurs when a ligand has been present at high levels. 
D) both B and C

Question 16

What is the correct relationship between receptor tyrosine kinases and Ras proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphorylated Ras proteins activate the tyrosine kinase. 
B) Phosphorylated Ras proteins pair with a tyrosine kinase to activate other proteins. 
C) Tyrosine kinase dimers phosphorylate the Ras proteins directly. 
D) Tyrosine kinase dimers use GAPs and GNRPs to regulate Ras proteins. 
A) Phosphorylated Ras proteins activate the tyrosine kinase. 
B) Phosphorylated Ras proteins pair with a tyrosine kinase to activate other proteins. 
C) Tyrosine kinase dimers phosphorylate the Ras proteins directly. 
D) Tyrosine kinase dimers use GAPs and GNRPs to regulate Ras proteins.

Question 17

The vertebrate hormones involved in water and electrolyte balance in the body are called

Accepted Answer

A) mineralocorticoids. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) ecdysteroids. 
D) reproductive hormones. 
A) mineralocorticoids. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) ecdysteroids. 
D) reproductive hormones.

Question 18

Nitric oxide is one of three gaseous chemical messengers and is produced by the enzyme __________.

Accepted Answer

nitric oxi

Question 19

Define hormones and briefly summarize their function.Provide an example to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are chemical substances or sign

Question 20

A G protein with no known ligand or function is termed an __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A G protein with no known ligand...

Gap junctions are formed by

When indirect signaling is used,the target cell responds to the signal when that chemical

In a __________ feedback loop,the endocrine cell acts as the sensor and integrating center.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which domain of intracellular receptors binds to responsive elements in the nucleus?

__________ is a hormone that is frequently involved with reproductive processes that is also part of a positive feedback loop.

What are endocrine disruptors and how do they affect wildlife populations? Provide two examples to support your answer.

A chemical is termed a neurohormone when it is

Peptide hormones (chains of 50 or fewer amino acids)are first synthesized as

Hormones are chemicals that are released into the blood and travel all over the body where they can have effects on their target cells.Discuss the mechanisms that allow only the target cells to respond and how target cells may have very different responses to the same hormone.

Which of the following is different between stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins in the cyclic AMP pathway?

When chemical signals are sent between two animals,__________ communication is being used.

The term __________ is used for chains more than fifty amino acids long,while the term peptide is reserved for shorter chains.

Phospholipase C cuts membrane phospholipids into

Up-regulation of receptors

What is the correct relationship between receptor tyrosine kinases and Ras proteins?

The vertebrate hormones involved in water and electrolyte balance in the body are called

Nitric oxide is one of three gaseous chemical messengers and is produced by the enzyme __________.

Define hormones and briefly summarize their function.Provide an example to support your answer.

A G protein with no known ligand or function is termed an __________.

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Neuron Structure and Function

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

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Exam 4: Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Gap junctions are formed by

When indirect signaling is used,the target cell responds to the signal when that chemical

In a __________ feedback loop,the endocrine cell acts as the sensor and integrating center.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which domain of intracellular receptors binds to responsive elements in the nucleus?

__________ is a hormone that is frequently involved with reproductive processes that is also part of a positive feedback loop.

What are endocrine disruptors and how do they affect wildlife populations? Provide two examples to support your answer.

A chemical is termed a neurohormone when it is

Peptide hormones (chains of 50 or fewer amino acids)are first synthesized as

Hormones are chemicals that are released into the blood and travel all over the body where they can have effects on their target cells.Discuss the mechanisms that allow only the target cells to respond and how target cells may have very different responses to the same hormone.

Which of the following is different between stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins in the cyclic AMP pathway?

When chemical signals are sent between two animals,__________ communication is being used.

The term __________ is used for chains more than fifty amino acids long,while the term peptide is reserved for shorter chains.

Phospholipase C cuts membrane phospholipids into

Up-regulation of receptors

What is the correct relationship between receptor tyrosine kinases and Ras proteins?

The vertebrate hormones involved in water and electrolyte balance in the body are called

Nitric oxide is one of three gaseous chemical messengers and is produced by the enzyme __________.

Define hormones and briefly summarize their function.Provide an example to support your answer.

A G protein with no known ligand or function is termed an __________.

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Neuron Structure and Function

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

Filters