Question 1

Which of the following graded potentials will be most likely to generate an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) a subthreshold potential 
B) a suprathreshold potential 
C) a hyperpolarizing potential 
D) an inhibitory potential 
A) a subthreshold potential 
B) a suprathreshold potential 
C) a hyperpolarizing potential 
D) an inhibitory potential B

Question 2

The relative concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ remain constant during a single action potential,despite movement of these ions across the membrane,because

Accepted Answer

A) they cross back immediately through recovery channels. 
B) they are pumped back across using the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump. 
C) they are forced back across the membrane as the action potential moves away. 
D) the refractory periods do not end until all ions have been returned to their original areas. 
A) they cross back immediately through recovery channels. 
B) they are pumped back across using the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump. 
C) they are forced back across the membrane as the action potential moves away. 
D) the refractory periods do not end until all ions have been returned to their original areas. B

Question 3

Which of the following conditions could allow a cell to become depolarized?

Accepted Answer

A) [X⁺]ᵢ > [X⁺]ₒ 
B) change in permeability to [X⁺] 
C) membrane potential = equilibrium potential 
D) all of the above 
A) [X⁺]ᵢ > [X⁺]ₒ 
B) change in permeability to [X⁺] 
C) membrane potential = equilibrium potential 
D) all of the above B

Question 4

The squid served as an ideal model system to study neurophysiology because

Accepted Answer

A) squids are invertebrates and invertebrates have a simpler nervous system than vertebrates. 
B) the large diameter of the squid's neurons enabled researchers to make recordings from inside of a nerve cell. 
C) fast electrical communication is a unique feature of squids. 
D) squids are active predators and therefore have many nerves that can be easily studied. 
A) squids are invertebrates and invertebrates have a simpler nervous system than vertebrates. 
B) the large diameter of the squid's neurons enabled researchers to make recordings from inside of a nerve cell. 
C) fast electrical communication is a unique feature of squids. 
D) squids are active predators and therefore have many nerves that can be easily studied.

Question 5

The electrical signal produced by neurons,called an __________,is capable of traveling over long distances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The electrical signal produced by neurons,called an...

Question 6

Which of the following combinations of voltage-gated channel densities would most easily allow an action potential to be generated?

Accepted Answer

A) high density of K⁺,low density of Na⁺ 
B) low density of K⁺,high density of Na⁺ 
C) high density of K⁺ and Na⁺ 
D) low density of K⁺ and Na⁺ 
A) high density of K⁺,low density of Na⁺ 
B) low density of K⁺,high density of Na⁺ 
C) high density of K⁺ and Na⁺ 
D) low density of K⁺ and Na⁺

Question 7

Post-tetanic potentiation at a synapse is generated by a

Accepted Answer

A) high frequency of stimulation. 
B) long period of time between stimuli. 
C) high frequency of stimulation followed by a short break. 
D) low frequency of stimulation followed by a short break. 
A) high frequency of stimulation. 
B) long period of time between stimuli. 
C) high frequency of stimulation followed by a short break. 
D) low frequency of stimulation followed by a short break.

Question 8

Movement of Na⁺ through its channels is primarily responsible for the __________ of an action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization phase 
B) repolarization phase 
C) hyperpolarization phase 
D) after-hyperpolarization phase 
A) depolarization phase 
B) repolarization phase 
C) hyperpolarization phase 
D) after-hyperpolarization phase

Question 9

Neurotransmitters are composed of a variety of different chemicals,including

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) neuropeptides. 
C) biogenic amines. 
D) all of the above 
A) amino acids. 
B) neuropeptides. 
C) biogenic amines. 
D) all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following neurotransmitters is typically NOT classified as a biogenic amine?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) serotonin 
C) epinephrine 
D) dopamine 
A) acetylcholine 
B) serotonin 
C) epinephrine 
D) dopamine

Question 11

__________ is a type of synaptic plasticity that results in a decrease of neurotransmitter release after repeated action potentials.

Accepted Answer

A) Synaptic facilitation 
B) Post-tetanic potentiation 
C) Synaptic depression 
D) Presynaptic depression 
A) Synaptic facilitation 
B) Post-tetanic potentiation 
C) Synaptic depression 
D) Presynaptic depression

Question 12

When membrane potential changes,we use the terms depolarization,hyperpolarization,and repolarization.Explain what is happening to the membrane potential in relation to the extracellular fluid during depolarization and hyperpolarization and how each phase could be achieved by negatively charged ions.Next,explain how it is possible for the membrane to be in both hyperpolarization and repolarization at the same time.

Accepted Answer

The terms depolarization and hyperpolari

Question 13

Neurons use both graded and action potentials to carry electrical signals from one point to another.Describe the similarities and differences between these two types of signals that could be seen within an individual neuron.

Accepted Answer

Both signals are electrical,which means

Question 14

Axons are found in the __________ region of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) signal reception 
B) signal integration 
C) signal conduction 
D) signal transmission 
A) signal reception 
B) signal integration 
C) signal conduction 
D) signal transmission

Question 15

Muscarinic ACh receptors are an example of a __________ receptor,which eventually lead to the opening of an ion channel.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Muscarinic ACh receptors are an example of...

Question 16

The channels that generate an action potential are triggered to open by a change in membrane potential because they are __________ channels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The channels that generate an action potential...

Question 17

The distance a membrane potential can travel before reaching 37% of its original value is termed the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The distance a membrane potential can travel...

Question 18

A voltage-gated K⁺ channel that is also a delayed rectifier will

Accepted Answer

A) open very quickly in response to changes in membrane potential. 
B) make it very difficult to start an action potential. 
C) delay the start of an action potential. 
D) open slowly,increasing the length of the action potential. 
A) open very quickly in response to changes in membrane potential. 
B) make it very difficult to start an action potential. 
C) delay the start of an action potential. 
D) open slowly,increasing the length of the action potential.

Question 19

Squid benefit from having axons of multiple sizes that innervate their muscle fibers in the mantle because

Accepted Answer

A) squid need larger diameter axons to innervate larger groups of fibers. 
B) the larger diameter axons innervate fibers that are farther away because the signals are conducted more rapidly through them. 
C) smaller fibers are not energetically efficient. 
D) larger fibers generate larger action potentials,which allows for more neurotransmitter release. 
A) squid need larger diameter axons to innervate larger groups of fibers. 
B) the larger diameter axons innervate fibers that are farther away because the signals are conducted more rapidly through them. 
C) smaller fibers are not energetically efficient. 
D) larger fibers generate larger action potentials,which allows for more neurotransmitter release.

Question 20

Vesicles found in the axon terminals that contain neurotransmitter are called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vesicles found in the axon terminals that...

Which of the following graded potentials will be most likely to generate an action potential?

The relative concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ remain constant during a single action potential,despite movement of these ions across the membrane,because

Which of the following conditions could allow a cell to become depolarized?

The squid served as an ideal model system to study neurophysiology because

The electrical signal produced by neurons,called an __________,is capable of traveling over long distances.

Which of the following combinations of voltage-gated channel densities would most easily allow an action potential to be generated?

Post-tetanic potentiation at a synapse is generated by a

Movement of Na⁺ through its channels is primarily responsible for the __________ of an action potential.

Neurotransmitters are composed of a variety of different chemicals,including

Which of the following neurotransmitters is typically NOT classified as a biogenic amine?

__________ is a type of synaptic plasticity that results in a decrease of neurotransmitter release after repeated action potentials.

Neurons use both graded and action potentials to carry electrical signals from one point to another.Describe the similarities and differences between these two types of signals that could be seen within an individual neuron.

Axons are found in the __________ region of a neuron.

Muscarinic ACh receptors are an example of a __________ receptor,which eventually lead to the opening of an ion channel.

The channels that generate an action potential are triggered to open by a change in membrane potential because they are __________ channels.

The distance a membrane potential can travel before reaching 37% of its original value is termed the __________.

A voltage-gated K⁺ channel that is also a delayed rectifier will

Squid benefit from having axons of multiple sizes that innervate their muscle fibers in the mantle because

Vesicles found in the axon terminals that contain neurotransmitter are called __________.

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

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Exam 5: Neuron Structure and Function

Which of the following graded potentials will be most likely to generate an action potential?

The relative concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ remain constant during a single action potential,despite movement of these ions across the membrane,because

Which of the following conditions could allow a cell to become depolarized?

The squid served as an ideal model system to study neurophysiology because

The electrical signal produced by neurons,called an __________,is capable of traveling over long distances.

Which of the following combinations of voltage-gated channel densities would most easily allow an action potential to be generated?

Post-tetanic potentiation at a synapse is generated by a

Movement of Na⁺ through its channels is primarily responsible for the __________ of an action potential.

Neurotransmitters are composed of a variety of different chemicals,including

Which of the following neurotransmitters is typically NOT classified as a biogenic amine?

__________ is a type of synaptic plasticity that results in a decrease of neurotransmitter release after repeated action potentials.

Neurons use both graded and action potentials to carry electrical signals from one point to another.Describe the similarities and differences between these two types of signals that could be seen within an individual neuron.

Axons are found in the __________ region of a neuron.

Muscarinic ACh receptors are an example of a __________ receptor,which eventually lead to the opening of an ion channel.

The channels that generate an action potential are triggered to open by a change in membrane potential because they are __________ channels.

The distance a membrane potential can travel before reaching 37% of its original value is termed the __________.

A voltage-gated K⁺ channel that is also a delayed rectifier will

Squid benefit from having axons of multiple sizes that innervate their muscle fibers in the mantle because

Vesicles found in the axon terminals that contain neurotransmitter are called __________.

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

Filters