Question 1

What receptors do the neurosecretory chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla express?

Accepted Answer

A) adrenergic 
B) muscarinic cholinergic 
C) nicotinic cholinergic 
D) glutamatergic 
A) adrenergic 
B) muscarinic cholinergic 
C) nicotinic cholinergic 
D) glutamatergic C

Question 2

In its protective role,the blood-brain barrier becomes an obstacle in delivering therapeutic drugs to specific regions of the brain in the treatment of a variety of brain disorders.Describe what the blood-brain barrier is made of,and how different compounds are capable of crossing it.

Accepted Answer

The blood brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells lining the brain capillaries.It prevents materials from leaking out of the bloodstrea and into the central nervous system.These cells do not perform pinocytosis.Despite the tight junctions,there are still ways that compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier,including:
1.Dissolving in the membrane.Small lipid-soluble molecules such as ethanol and some barbiturate drugs can cross directly into the central nervous system.
2.Catalyzed transport mechanisms (protein exchanger,channel,pump)allow the brain to take up circulating nutrients such as glucose and amino acids.
3.In some areas of the brain,the blood-brain barrier is more permeable.In particular,the regions around the pineal gland,the pituitary gland,and parts of the hypothalamus are quite permeable,allowing secreted molecules such as hormones to leave the brain and enter the circulatory system.

Question 3

In vertebrates,substances from the blood can access the central nervous system by

Accepted Answer

A) gap junctions. 
B) pinocytosis. 
C) catalyzed transport. 
D) all of the above 
A) gap junctions. 
B) pinocytosis. 
C) catalyzed transport. 
D) all of the above C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about learning?

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to the retention and retrieval of stored information. 
B) It occurs only in vertebrates. 
C) It normally represents a permanent change. 
D) It occurs as the result of nervous system plasticity. 
A) It refers to the retention and retrieval of stored information. 
B) It occurs only in vertebrates. 
C) It normally represents a permanent change. 
D) It occurs as the result of nervous system plasticity.

Question 5

Succinctly explain how ocean acidification can affect the behavior of fish,such as the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula).

Accepted Answer

Clownfish live on coral reefs in close a

Question 6

The only organ controlled by efferent motor neurons is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The only organ controlled by efferent motor...

Question 7

Split-brain syndrome follows from severing the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Split-brain syndrome follows from severing the __________....

Question 8

Which of the following structures is NOT included in the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

A) amygdala 
B) hypothalamus 
C) olfactory bulb 
D) cerebellum 
A) amygdala 
B) hypothalamus 
C) olfactory bulb 
D) cerebellum

Question 9

__________ is the evolutionary trend that describes the concentration of nervous tissue and sense organs at one end of the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the evolutionary trend that describes...

Question 10

Central pattern generators do NOT control

Accepted Answer

A) rhythmic behaviors. 
B) motor pathways. 
C) reflex arcs. 
D) locomotion. 
A) rhythmic behaviors. 
B) motor pathways. 
C) reflex arcs. 
D) locomotion.

Question 11

The following structures of the mammalian nervous system,from posterior to anterior,are laid out in the following order:

Accepted Answer

A) spinal cord,medulla oblongata,pons,cerebellum. 
B) spinal cord,pons,cerebellum,medulla oblongata. 
C) medulla oblongata,spinal cord,cerebellum,pons. 
D) pons,cerebellum,spinal cord,medulla oblongata. 
A) spinal cord,medulla oblongata,pons,cerebellum. 
B) spinal cord,pons,cerebellum,medulla oblongata. 
C) medulla oblongata,spinal cord,cerebellum,pons. 
D) pons,cerebellum,spinal cord,medulla oblongata.

Question 12

In the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems,the preganglionic neuron releases the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine. 
B) nicotine. 
C) glycine. 
D) epinephrine. 
A) acetylcholine. 
B) nicotine. 
C) glycine. 
D) epinephrine.

Question 13

The basic mechanism for short-term sensitization begins with

Accepted Answer

A) decreased neurotransmitter release. 
B) increased presynaptic calcium. 
C) increased expression of CREB-1. 
D) increased potassium conductance. 
A) decreased neurotransmitter release. 
B) increased presynaptic calcium. 
C) increased expression of CREB-1. 
D) increased potassium conductance.

Question 14

The autonomic nervous system can be differentiated into three branches.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

A) enteric 
B) sympathetic 
C) parasympathetic 
D) limbic 
A) enteric 
B) sympathetic 
C) parasympathetic 
D) limbic

Question 15

The mammalian cerebral hemispheres are connected by a mass of white matter called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mammalian cerebral hemispheres are connected by...

Question 16

Relative to other major groups of vertebrates,mammals and birds both have an enlarged

Accepted Answer

A) forebrain. 
B) midbrain. 
C) hindbrain. 
D) dorsoventricular ridge. 
A) forebrain. 
B) midbrain. 
C) hindbrain. 
D) dorsoventricular ridge.

Question 17

The __________ nervous system is sometimes referred to as the "fight or flight" nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) autonomic 
B) somatic 
C) parasympathetic 
D) sympathetic 
A) autonomic 
B) somatic 
C) parasympathetic 
D) sympathetic

Question 18

In the vertebrate spinal cord,the dorsal horn is associated with __________ neurons,and the ventral horn is associated with __________ neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) motor;sensory 
B) inter;sensory 
C) afferent;efferent 
D) spinal;cranial 
A) motor;sensory 
B) inter;sensory 
C) afferent;efferent 
D) spinal;cranial

Question 19

In a newly discovered vertebrate,the area in the somatosensory cortex devoted to body part A is larger than the area devoted to body part B.This means that body part A

Accepted Answer

A) is bigger than body part B. 
B) has more sensory neurons. 
C) is evolutionarily older. 
D) has more motor control. 
A) is bigger than body part B. 
B) has more sensory neurons. 
C) is evolutionarily older. 
D) has more motor control.

Question 20

The hippocampus is important for the

Accepted Answer

A) formation of long-term memories. 
B) regulation of body temperature. 
C) Integration of sensory information. 
D) maintenance of body posture. 
A) formation of long-term memories. 
B) regulation of body temperature. 
C) Integration of sensory information. 
D) maintenance of body posture.

What receptors do the neurosecretory chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla express?

In its protective role,the blood-brain barrier becomes an obstacle in delivering therapeutic drugs to specific regions of the brain in the treatment of a variety of brain disorders.Describe what the blood-brain barrier is made of,and how different compounds are capable of crossing it.

In vertebrates,substances from the blood can access the central nervous system by

Which of the following statements is true about learning?

Succinctly explain how ocean acidification can affect the behavior of fish,such as the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula).

The only organ controlled by efferent motor neurons is __________.

Split-brain syndrome follows from severing the __________.

Which of the following structures is NOT included in the limbic system?

__________ is the evolutionary trend that describes the concentration of nervous tissue and sense organs at one end of the body.

Central pattern generators do NOT control

The following structures of the mammalian nervous system,from posterior to anterior,are laid out in the following order:

In the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems,the preganglionic neuron releases the neurotransmitter

The basic mechanism for short-term sensitization begins with

The autonomic nervous system can be differentiated into three branches.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

The mammalian cerebral hemispheres are connected by a mass of white matter called the __________.

Relative to other major groups of vertebrates,mammals and birds both have an enlarged

The __________ nervous system is sometimes referred to as the "fight or flight" nervous system.

In the vertebrate spinal cord,the dorsal horn is associated with neurons,and the ventral horn is associated with neurons.

In a newly discovered vertebrate,the area in the somatosensory cortex devoted to body part A is larger than the area devoted to body part B.This means that body part A

The hippocampus is important for the

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Neuron Structure and Function

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

Filters

Exam 8: Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

What receptors do the neurosecretory chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla express?

In its protective role,the blood-brain barrier becomes an obstacle in delivering therapeutic drugs to specific regions of the brain in the treatment of a variety of brain disorders.Describe what the blood-brain barrier is made of,and how different compounds are capable of crossing it.

In vertebrates,substances from the blood can access the central nervous system by

Which of the following statements is true about learning?

Succinctly explain how ocean acidification can affect the behavior of fish,such as the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula).

The only organ controlled by efferent motor neurons is __________.

Split-brain syndrome follows from severing the __________.

Which of the following structures is NOT included in the limbic system?

__________ is the evolutionary trend that describes the concentration of nervous tissue and sense organs at one end of the body.

Central pattern generators do NOT control

The following structures of the mammalian nervous system,from posterior to anterior,are laid out in the following order:

In the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems,the preganglionic neuron releases the neurotransmitter

The basic mechanism for short-term sensitization begins with

The autonomic nervous system can be differentiated into three branches.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

The mammalian cerebral hemispheres are connected by a mass of white matter called the __________.

Relative to other major groups of vertebrates,mammals and birds both have an enlarged

The __________ nervous system is sometimes referred to as the "fight or flight" nervous system.

In the vertebrate spinal cord,the dorsal horn is associated with __________ neurons,and the ventral horn is associated with __________ neurons.

In a newly discovered vertebrate,the area in the somatosensory cortex devoted to body part A is larger than the area devoted to body part B.This means that body part A

The hippocampus is important for the

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Neuron Structure and Function

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

Filters

In the vertebrate spinal cord,the dorsal horn is associated with neurons,and the ventral horn is associated with neurons.