Question 1

A cell will most likely hyperpolarize when __________ enters it.

Accepted Answer

A) Cl⁻ 
B) Na⁺ 
C) Ca²⁺ 
D) both B and C 
A) Cl⁻ 
B) Na⁺ 
C) Ca²⁺ 
D) both B and C

Question 2

The membrane of an axon acts as a resistor and a __________ because it resists the flow of current and can store an electrical charge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The membrane of an axon acts as...

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) They are composed of groups of neurons. 
B) Neurons are composed of groups of nerves. 
C) They act as pipes in the body,transporting fluid. 
D) Signals generated in nerves can travel only short distances. 
A) They are composed of groups of neurons. 
B) Neurons are composed of groups of nerves. 
C) They act as pipes in the body,transporting fluid. 
D) Signals generated in nerves can travel only short distances.

Question 4

Myelination increases the speed of conduction by decreasing the time constant and increasing the length constant.It achieves this by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing membrane resistance and decreasing capacitance. 
B) increasing both membrane resistance and capacitance. 
C) decreasing membrane resistance and increasing capacitance. 
D) decreasing both membrane resistance and capacitance. 
A) increasing membrane resistance and decreasing capacitance. 
B) increasing both membrane resistance and capacitance. 
C) decreasing membrane resistance and increasing capacitance. 
D) decreasing both membrane resistance and capacitance.

Question 5

When considering spatial summation of graded potentials,it is important to keep in mind

Accepted Answer

A) how far the potential may have traveled. 
B) the initial amplitude of the potential. 
C) the polarity of the potential. 
D) all of the above 
A) how far the potential may have traveled. 
B) the initial amplitude of the potential. 
C) the polarity of the potential. 
D) all of the above

Question 6

Increasing axon diameter decreases membrane and intracellular resistance,so it seems the two might cancel each other out in terms of their effect on the conduction speed.Yet,conduction speed is increased by increasing diameter size.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Membrane resistance doesn't really affect conduction speed that much. 
B) Intracellular resistance doesn't really affect conduction speed that much. 
C) Membrane resistance decreases linearly while intracellular resistance decreases by the square of the radius. 
D) Intracellular resistance decreases linearly while membrane resistance decreases by the square of the radius. 
A) Membrane resistance doesn't really affect conduction speed that much. 
B) Intracellular resistance doesn't really affect conduction speed that much. 
C) Membrane resistance decreases linearly while intracellular resistance decreases by the square of the radius. 
D) Intracellular resistance decreases linearly while membrane resistance decreases by the square of the radius.

Question 7

A decrease in neurotransmitter release with repeated action potentials is termed _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A decrease in neurotransmitter release with repeated...

Question 8

A membrane's length constant will be greatest when

Accepted Answer

A) Rm is low. 
B) Rᵢ is low. 
C) Rm is high. 
D) both B and C 
A) Rm is low. 
B) Rᵢ is low. 
C) Rm is high. 
D) both B and C

Question 9

When ligand-gated receptors open channels in dendrites,the resulting electrical signal is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When ligand-gated receptors open channels in dendrites,the...

Question 10

The absolute and relative refractory periods of an action potential determine other parameters of action potentials such as causing unidirectional conduction and limiting their frequency.Describe what is happening during each of the refractory periods.Then use this information to describe how the different periods affect conduction and frequency.

Accepted Answer

Action potentials have both absolute and

Question 11

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the variation of voltage-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

A) Na⁺ channels have much greater diversity than K⁺ channels. 
B) Typically,a more complex nervous system also contains a greater diversity of channels. 
C) There is a great diversity of channels,but within a single organism,only one isoform of a channel can exist. 
D) There is a large diversity of channels,but they show no physiological significance. 
A) Na⁺ channels have much greater diversity than K⁺ channels. 
B) Typically,a more complex nervous system also contains a greater diversity of channels. 
C) There is a great diversity of channels,but within a single organism,only one isoform of a channel can exist. 
D) There is a large diversity of channels,but they show no physiological significance.

Question 12

Given the information below,the neuron with the characteristics listed in choice __________ would have the fastest conduction velocity.

Accepted Answer

A) myelinated,50 μm diameter 
B) myelinated,10 μm diameter 
C) unmyelinated,50 μm diameter 
D) unmyelinated,10 μm diameter 
A) myelinated,50 μm diameter 
B) myelinated,10 μm diameter 
C) unmyelinated,50 μm diameter 
D) unmyelinated,10 μm diameter

Question 13

Describe the differences between electrical and chemical synapses in terms of mechanisms and functional characteristics of transmission.

Accepted Answer

Transmission across an electrical synaps

Question 14

A __________ transmits signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ transmits signals from the central...

Question 15

Synapses where pre- and postsynaptic cells are directly connected so that current can pass from one cell to another are called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Synapses where pre- and postsynaptic cells are...

Question 16

The action potential of Chara,an algae species,is generated by

Accepted Answer

A) Cl⁻ efflux via voltage-gated channels. 
B) Cl⁻ efflux via channels opened by second messenger pathways. 
C) Ca²⁺ influx via channels opened by second messenger pathways. 
D) Ca²⁺ efflux via voltage-gated channels. 
A) Cl⁻ efflux via voltage-gated channels. 
B) Cl⁻ efflux via channels opened by second messenger pathways. 
C) Ca²⁺ influx via channels opened by second messenger pathways. 
D) Ca²⁺ efflux via voltage-gated channels.

Question 17

Glial cells were originally thought to play a very minor role in the nervous system.In fact,their name is derived from the Greek word for glue.However,recent findings have demonstrated a number of functions for these cells.Discuss these functions and their importance in allowing neurons to function.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells are known to play a number o

Question 18

A capacitor can store more change when it has a

Accepted Answer

A) large surface area and thick insulating layer. 
B) small surface area and thin insulating layer. 
C) large surface area and thin insulating layer. 
D) small surface area and thick insulating layer. 
A) large surface area and thick insulating layer. 
B) small surface area and thin insulating layer. 
C) large surface area and thin insulating layer. 
D) small surface area and thick insulating layer.

Question 19

In a neuromuscular junction,the muscle is the

Accepted Answer

A) presynaptic cell. 
B) postsynaptic cell. 
C) synaptic cell. 
D) synapse. 
A) presynaptic cell. 
B) postsynaptic cell. 
C) synaptic cell. 
D) synapse.

Question 20

During synaptic transmission,

Accepted Answer

A) the frequency of the action potential is directly correlated with neurotransmitter release. 
B) the frequency of the action potential is inversely correlated with neurotransmitter release. 
C) the intracellular concentration of Ca²⁺ remains stable because of intracellular buffers. 
D) the concentration of Ca²⁺ is inversely related to the amount of neurotransmitter released. 
A) the frequency of the action potential is directly correlated with neurotransmitter release. 
B) the frequency of the action potential is inversely correlated with neurotransmitter release. 
C) the intracellular concentration of Ca²⁺ remains stable because of intracellular buffers. 
D) the concentration of Ca²⁺ is inversely related to the amount of neurotransmitter released.

A cell will most likely hyperpolarize when __________ enters it.

The membrane of an axon acts as a resistor and a __________ because it resists the flow of current and can store an electrical charge.

Which of the following statements is true of nerves?

Myelination increases the speed of conduction by decreasing the time constant and increasing the length constant.It achieves this by

When considering spatial summation of graded potentials,it is important to keep in mind

Increasing axon diameter decreases membrane and intracellular resistance,so it seems the two might cancel each other out in terms of their effect on the conduction speed.Yet,conduction speed is increased by increasing diameter size.Why?

A decrease in neurotransmitter release with repeated action potentials is termed _________.

A membrane's length constant will be greatest when

When ligand-gated receptors open channels in dendrites,the resulting electrical signal is called a __________.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the variation of voltage-gated ion channels?

Given the information below,the neuron with the characteristics listed in choice __________ would have the fastest conduction velocity.

Describe the differences between electrical and chemical synapses in terms of mechanisms and functional characteristics of transmission.

A __________ transmits signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

Synapses where pre- and postsynaptic cells are directly connected so that current can pass from one cell to another are called __________.

The action potential of Chara,an algae species,is generated by

Glial cells were originally thought to play a very minor role in the nervous system.In fact,their name is derived from the Greek word for glue.However,recent findings have demonstrated a number of functions for these cells.Discuss these functions and their importance in allowing neurons to function.

A capacitor can store more change when it has a

In a neuromuscular junction,the muscle is the

During synaptic transmission,

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

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Exam 5: Neuron Structure and Function

A cell will most likely hyperpolarize when __________ enters it.

The membrane of an axon acts as a resistor and a __________ because it resists the flow of current and can store an electrical charge.

Which of the following statements is true of nerves?

Myelination increases the speed of conduction by decreasing the time constant and increasing the length constant.It achieves this by

When considering spatial summation of graded potentials,it is important to keep in mind

Increasing axon diameter decreases membrane and intracellular resistance,so it seems the two might cancel each other out in terms of their effect on the conduction speed.Yet,conduction speed is increased by increasing diameter size.Why?

A decrease in neurotransmitter release with repeated action potentials is termed _________.

A membrane's length constant will be greatest when

When ligand-gated receptors open channels in dendrites,the resulting electrical signal is called a __________.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the variation of voltage-gated ion channels?

Given the information below,the neuron with the characteristics listed in choice __________ would have the fastest conduction velocity.

Describe the differences between electrical and chemical synapses in terms of mechanisms and functional characteristics of transmission.

A __________ transmits signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

Synapses where pre- and postsynaptic cells are directly connected so that current can pass from one cell to another are called __________.

The action potential of Chara,an algae species,is generated by

A capacitor can store more change when it has a

In a neuromuscular junction,the muscle is the

During synaptic transmission,

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

Filters