Question 1

Neurons can produce and release different neurotransmitters.It is hypothesized that the type of neurotransmitter released is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the amplitude of the action potential. 
B) the frequency of the action potential. 
C) the neurotransmitter that is available. 
D) random chance. 
A) the amplitude of the action potential. 
B) the frequency of the action potential. 
C) the neurotransmitter that is available. 
D) random chance.

Question 2

Inhibitory neurotransmitters generally cause ________________,and the changes in membrane potential are referred to as inhibitory postsynaptic potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inhibitory neurotransmitters generally cause ________________,and the changes...

Question 3

Which of the following properties of action potentials is unique to animals?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a type of electrical signal. 
B) They travel at very rapid speeds. 
C) They may travel via intracellular connections. 
D) They allow the organism's cells to communicate with each other. 
A) They are a type of electrical signal. 
B) They travel at very rapid speeds. 
C) They may travel via intracellular connections. 
D) They allow the organism's cells to communicate with each other.

Question 4

If a cell is at rest (-70 mV)and ligand-gated Na+ channels open,there will be a net movement of Na+ into the cell until

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no more Na+ in the extracellular fluid. 
B)  the Na+ channels close. 
C) the membrane potential reaches the equilibrium potential for Na+. 
D) either B or C 
A)  there are no more Na+ in the extracellular fluid. 
B)  the Na+ channels close. 
C) the membrane potential reaches the equilibrium potential for Na+. 
D) either B or C

Question 5

Axodendritic synapses are composed of __________ for the presynaptic cell and __________ for the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

A) axons;axons 
B) dendrites;axons 
C) axons;dendrites 
D) axons;cell somas 
A) axons;axons 
B) dendrites;axons 
C) axons;dendrites 
D) axons;cell somas

Question 6

The synapse formed by __________ in the peripheral nervous system are similar in morphology to the __________ in the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) terminal boutons;axon varicosities 
B) axon varicosities;en passant synapses 
C) en passant synapses;spine synapse 
D) spine synapse;terminal boutons 
A) terminal boutons;axon varicosities 
B) axon varicosities;en passant synapses 
C) en passant synapses;spine synapse 
D) spine synapse;terminal boutons

Question 7

The Goldman equation can be used to determine the resting membrane potential.It accounts for all the following factors EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) concentration of an ion outside the cell. 
B) concentration of an ion inside the cell. 
C) concentration of all ion channels in the membrane. 
D) permeability of the membrane for the ions. 
A) concentration of an ion outside the cell. 
B) concentration of an ion inside the cell. 
C) concentration of all ion channels in the membrane. 
D) permeability of the membrane for the ions.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

A) They travel over long distances. 
B) They have different amplitudes. 
C) They are typically found in axons. 
D) They travel without decrement. 
A) They travel over long distances. 
B) They have different amplitudes. 
C) They are typically found in axons. 
D) They travel without decrement.

Question 9

There are some neurotransmitters,such as acetylcholine,that are used extensively throughout the nervous system.Yet a single type of neurotransmitter can have multiple effects.How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

For neurotransmitters to generate their

Question 10

Neurons have four functional zones,and each performs a task required for communication.What are these four zones and what structural features found in each allow it to perform its function?

Accepted Answer

The four zones are those for signal rece

Question 11

__________ receptors bind both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ receptors bind both epinephrine and norepinephrine....

Question 12

Metabotropic receptors typically generate a response by

Accepted Answer

A) becoming an open channel as soon as the ligand binds. 
B) activating gene transcription. 
C) opening an ion channel via signaling from a second messenger cascade. 
D) both B and C 
A) becoming an open channel as soon as the ligand binds. 
B) activating gene transcription. 
C) opening an ion channel via signaling from a second messenger cascade. 
D) both B and C

Question 13

Most neurons show __________,such that one end of the neuron receives a signal and the other sends a signal.The cnidarians are an exception to this principle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most neurons show __________,such that one end...

Question 14

Hodgkin and Huxley,who first showed electrical current was generated by selective permeability of the membrane to ions,used the __________ as a model system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hodgkin and Huxley,who first showed electrical current...

Question 15

When looking at a small patch of axonal membrane,the __________ and __________ are arranged in parallel with each other,allowing current to flow through both of them if possible.

Accepted Answer

A) Rm;Rᵢ 
B) Rᵢ;Cm 
C) Rm;Cm 
D) Cm;Rₑ 
A) Rm;Rᵢ 
B) Rᵢ;Cm 
C) Rm;Cm 
D) Cm;Rₑ

Question 16

The strongest postsynaptic signal would be achieved by which of the following combinations?

Accepted Answer

A) Low concentrations of neurotransmitter and postsynaptic receptors. 
B) High concentrations of neurotransmitter and degrading enzymes. 
C) Low concentrations of postsynaptic receptors and high concentrations of degrading enzymes. 
D) High concentrations of neurotransmitter and low concentrations of degrading enzymes. 
A) Low concentrations of neurotransmitter and postsynaptic receptors. 
B) High concentrations of neurotransmitter and degrading enzymes. 
C) Low concentrations of postsynaptic receptors and high concentrations of degrading enzymes. 
D) High concentrations of neurotransmitter and low concentrations of degrading enzymes.

Question 17

You have isolated two neurons,joined by a synapse,in a Petri dish.You have stimulated the first neuron at the axon hillock and successfully generated an action potential.However,there is no response by the postsynaptic neuron.Describe possible malfunctions in synaptic transmission that would prevent the postsynaptic neuron from responding as it should.

Accepted Answer

There are a number of reasons for failur

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about voltage-gated K⁺ channels?

Accepted Answer

A) They are triggered to open at voltages near the Na⁺ equilibrium potential. 
B) They are triggered to open at voltages near the resting membrane potential. 
C) They are triggered to open at voltages near the threshold potential. 
D) They are triggered to open at voltages below the resting membrane potential. 
A) They are triggered to open at voltages near the Na⁺ equilibrium potential. 
B) They are triggered to open at voltages near the resting membrane potential. 
C) They are triggered to open at voltages near the threshold potential. 
D) They are triggered to open at voltages below the resting membrane potential.

Question 19

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells wrap themselves around neuronal processes,forming __________,a substance that increases conduction rates and decreases current leak.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells wrap themselves around...

Question 20

During the absolute refractory period,what is the state of the gates of the sodium channel?

Accepted Answer

A) Both activation and inactivation gates are closed. 
B) Both activation and inactivation gates are open. 
C) The activation gate is open and the inactivation gate is closed. 
D) The activation gate is closed and the inactivation gate is open. 
A) Both activation and inactivation gates are closed. 
B) Both activation and inactivation gates are open. 
C) The activation gate is open and the inactivation gate is closed. 
D) The activation gate is closed and the inactivation gate is open.

Neurons can produce and release different neurotransmitters.It is hypothesized that the type of neurotransmitter released is determined by

Inhibitory neurotransmitters generally cause ________________,and the changes in membrane potential are referred to as inhibitory postsynaptic potential.

Which of the following properties of action potentials is unique to animals?

If a cell is at rest (-70 mV)and ligand-gated Na+ channels open,there will be a net movement of Na+ into the cell until

Axodendritic synapses are composed of for the presynaptic cell and for the postsynaptic cell.

The synapse formed by in the peripheral nervous system are similar in morphology to the in the central nervous system.

The Goldman equation can be used to determine the resting membrane potential.It accounts for all the following factors EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is true of graded potentials?

There are some neurotransmitters,such as acetylcholine,that are used extensively throughout the nervous system.Yet a single type of neurotransmitter can have multiple effects.How is this possible?

Neurons have four functional zones,and each performs a task required for communication.What are these four zones and what structural features found in each allow it to perform its function?

__________ receptors bind both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Metabotropic receptors typically generate a response by

Most neurons show __________,such that one end of the neuron receives a signal and the other sends a signal.The cnidarians are an exception to this principle.

Hodgkin and Huxley,who first showed electrical current was generated by selective permeability of the membrane to ions,used the __________ as a model system.

When looking at a small patch of axonal membrane,the and are arranged in parallel with each other,allowing current to flow through both of them if possible.

The strongest postsynaptic signal would be achieved by which of the following combinations?

Which of the following statements is true about voltage-gated K⁺ channels?

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells wrap themselves around neuronal processes,forming __________,a substance that increases conduction rates and decreases current leak.

During the absolute refractory period,what is the state of the gates of the sodium channel?

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

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Exam 5: Neuron Structure and Function

Neurons can produce and release different neurotransmitters.It is hypothesized that the type of neurotransmitter released is determined by

Inhibitory neurotransmitters generally cause ________________,and the changes in membrane potential are referred to as inhibitory postsynaptic potential.

Which of the following properties of action potentials is unique to animals?

If a cell is at rest (-70 mV)and ligand-gated Na+ channels open,there will be a net movement of Na+ into the cell until

Axodendritic synapses are composed of __________ for the presynaptic cell and __________ for the postsynaptic cell.

The synapse formed by __________ in the peripheral nervous system are similar in morphology to the __________ in the central nervous system.

The Goldman equation can be used to determine the resting membrane potential.It accounts for all the following factors EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is true of graded potentials?

There are some neurotransmitters,such as acetylcholine,that are used extensively throughout the nervous system.Yet a single type of neurotransmitter can have multiple effects.How is this possible?

Neurons have four functional zones,and each performs a task required for communication.What are these four zones and what structural features found in each allow it to perform its function?

__________ receptors bind both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Metabotropic receptors typically generate a response by

Most neurons show __________,such that one end of the neuron receives a signal and the other sends a signal.The cnidarians are an exception to this principle.

Hodgkin and Huxley,who first showed electrical current was generated by selective permeability of the membrane to ions,used the __________ as a model system.

When looking at a small patch of axonal membrane,the __________ and __________ are arranged in parallel with each other,allowing current to flow through both of them if possible.

The strongest postsynaptic signal would be achieved by which of the following combinations?

Which of the following statements is true about voltage-gated K⁺ channels?

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells wrap themselves around neuronal processes,forming __________,a substance that increases conduction rates and decreases current leak.

During the absolute refractory period,what is the state of the gates of the sodium channel?

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Locomotion

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

Filters

Axodendritic synapses are composed of for the presynaptic cell and for the postsynaptic cell.

The synapse formed by in the peripheral nervous system are similar in morphology to the in the central nervous system.

When looking at a small patch of axonal membrane,the and are arranged in parallel with each other,allowing current to flow through both of them if possible.