Exam 4: Social Development in Infancy and Childhood

The repeatedly occurring patterns of behavior that characterize the relationships within a system and give that system a particular identity are called subsystems.

_____ agencies investigate reports of child abuse and neglect,assess the degree of harm and the ongoing risk of harm to the child,determine whether the child can remain safely in the home or should be placed in the custody of the state,and work closely with the family or juvenile court regarding appropriate plans for the child's safety and well-being.

The following is true about day-care in the United States today:

The Premack Principle states that the opportunity to engage in a low-probability behavior as a consequence for high-probability behavior will increase the high-probability behavior.

Define child neglect and discuss the characteristics of neglected children.

How would you measure improvement of a specific behavior?

Rick,age 10,likes to annoy his brother Kevin,age 6. Rick does this by shooting an air gun at Kevin. Even though the air gun just shoots air,it makes a loud noise,and sometimes Rick aims it right into Kevin's ear. Their parents want this to stop so they ignore the behavior,hoping that it will go away.Discuss this situation using learning theory terms. What are the potential problems in the parents' approach? What alternative behavior management techniques do you think might be more effective?

Name and describe the six levels of social play according to Parten.

When first establishing a behavior,positive reinforcement is most effective when it is administered intermittently.

Punishment and negative reinforcement both involve decreasing behavior.

_____ is a technique for examining children's interaction that involves asking children questions about their relationships and feelings toward other people,then illustrating these relationships on a diagram.

Describe three strengths that characterize many Native American groups.

Perpetrators of child abuse could be characterized by which of the following:

Learning a behavior by observing another engaging in that behavior is called:

Most of the research indicates that television does influence and increase children's violent behavior.

The effects of punishment are often temporary.

_____is the process whereby reinforcement for a behavior stops,resulting in the eventual decrease in frequency and possible eradication of that behavior.

In extinction,a consequence that was previously provided no longer follows the response.

Surrogate parenting has been a pattern for African American grandparents in U.S.society.

A potential consequence of punishment is that it can teach children to be aggressive.