Exam 18: Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

In comparison to the above-ground fruiting body,or mushroom,the mass of the underground mycelium is

One of the fundamental differences between phytoplankton and zooplankton is that zooplankton are ________.

Despite some similarities in appearance and habitat selection,biologists consider the fungi more closely related to animals than plants; for example,both groups ________,a feature completely absent in plants.

In comparison to eukaryotes,prokaryotes are smaller but have a higher surface area to volume ratio; why might this be advantageous?

Despite both having a cell wall,this adaptation is NOT considered to have been inherited from a common ancestor of the fungi and plants because

The following evolutionary tree illustrates the hypothesized relationships among the six kingdoms and the three domains. Many biologists have suggested revising the kingdom Protista.One current problem with the protists,as shown in the figure,is that:

Until the evolution of gymnosperms,plants were restricted to moist habitats because the preceding plant groups

What capability did the development of a vascular system provide?

What best explains the differences in shoot weight shown in the following graph?

Note the location of the air bladders in the following illustration of the kelp; how might these structures represent an adaptive advantage?

Although consuming high concentrations of caffeine may be toxic to many insects,consuming low concentrations may actually increase the rate that some pollinators return to those plant species.

Long known for its bitter taste,low concentrations of caffeine in the nectar of some plants appears to act as a mild stimulant to the insects that consume the nectar and improves the probability of ________ for those plants that produce it.

Mixotrophs show some unusual nutritional strategies; for example,when resources such as nitrogen become limited,they often switch from

As the least specialized group of plants,the bryophytes are often characterized by the features they lack; for example,bryophytes do NOT possess

Life on Earth began in the water; the first organisms believed to colonize the land were

The hyphal mass,or body,of a fungus is constructed from interwoven filaments called mycelia.

The flower is the basic reproductive structure of a plant; thus,all plants produce flowers.

In addition to a process similar to binary fission in prokaryotes (as seen in Amoeba)and fragmentation (as seen in large multicellular algae),some eukaryotes can also reproduce asexually by

On the basis of information presented in the following evolutionary tree,the ciliates are more closely related to the ________ and the ________ than any other protist.

The kingdom Plantae consists of four major groups; among the first to colonize the land are believed to be the ________.