Question 1

The success of mammals is due in large part to several highly effective reproductive strategies,which includes all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the mammary gland for nourishing their young. 
B)  the placenta for supporting the growth of the embryo. 
C)  internal fertilization. 
D)  endothermy and body temperature regulation. 
A)  the mammary gland for nourishing their young. 
B)  the placenta for supporting the growth of the embryo. 
C)  internal fertilization. 
D)  endothermy and body temperature regulation. D

Question 2

Ctenophores can be distinguished from cnidarians because they do not possess a complete digestive system,while cnidarians do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Modern sponges produce spicules to deter predation,but as the earliest animals,they existed before any predators evolved; which of the following hypotheses regarding the formation of spicules is the least likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spicules were probably absent in the earliest sponges and evolved later as predation began. 
B)  Spicules performed other tasks in early sponges, possibly structural support, and were later modified for defense. 
C)  Spicules were present in some sponge species and absent in others; predation became a selection pressure that eliminated some species entirely. 
D)  Much like the acquisition of cnidocytes by nudibranchs, some sponges incorporated the spicules they consume into their bodies rather than digesting them. 
A)  Spicules were probably absent in the earliest sponges and evolved later as predation began. 
B)  Spicules performed other tasks in early sponges, possibly structural support, and were later modified for defense. 
C)  Spicules were present in some sponge species and absent in others; predation became a selection pressure that eliminated some species entirely. 
D)  Much like the acquisition of cnidocytes by nudibranchs, some sponges incorporated the spicules they consume into their bodies rather than digesting them. D

Question 4

Sharks and the ray-finned fishes differ in several ways; the most significant difference is the composition of the skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A variety of tapeworms can infect humans,but two relatively simple measures can break the infective cycle

Accepted Answer

A)  do not allow pets to sleep in your home and treat your house periodically with insecticide. 
B)  consume dairy products only if pasteurized and water only if chlorinated. 
C)  properly refrigerate all types of perishable foods, including meats, fruits, and vegetables. 
D)  avoid consuming raw meats and ensure sanitary management of human wastes. 
A)  do not allow pets to sleep in your home and treat your house periodically with insecticide. 
B)  consume dairy products only if pasteurized and water only if chlorinated. 
C)  properly refrigerate all types of perishable foods, including meats, fruits, and vegetables. 
D)  avoid consuming raw meats and ensure sanitary management of human wastes.

Question 6

Snakes can often be found resting on asphalt highways at dusk; what biological factor motivates them to engage in this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ectothermy-a snake's body temperature will match the environment; rocks and asphalt cool more slowly than the surrounding ground. 
B)  Predation-as higher-level consumers, snakes need to hunt continuously and are more successful on the smooth surface of a roadbed at night. 
C)  Camouflage-the background color of asphalt makes detection by owls and other nocturnal predators difficult. 
D)  Mating-locating compatible mates can be difficult among the grasses, brush, and shrubs of typical snake habitat. 
A)  Ectothermy-a snake's body temperature will match the environment; rocks and asphalt cool more slowly than the surrounding ground. 
B)  Predation-as higher-level consumers, snakes need to hunt continuously and are more successful on the smooth surface of a roadbed at night. 
C)  Camouflage-the background color of asphalt makes detection by owls and other nocturnal predators difficult. 
D)  Mating-locating compatible mates can be difficult among the grasses, brush, and shrubs of typical snake habitat.

Question 7

The mesoglea in a cnidarian is not considered a true tissue because it originates as a ________ rather than from cell division.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mesoglea in a cnidarian is not...

Question 8

The myriapods are a relatively small group of arthropods; its most common members are the ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

millipedes

Question 9

Many of the organ systems observed in vertebrates are present in the annelids,the simplest coelomates; an exception is the ________,which helps explain why earthworms leave the soil on rainy days.

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive system 
B)  circulatory system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  excretory system 
A)  digestive system 
B)  circulatory system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  excretory system

Question 10

The specifics of metamorphosis vary among the arthropods; when the life cycle is characterized by ________,complete metamorphosis has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  the gradual change of juvenile into adult with each successive molting 
B)  females that can lay eggs with or without fertilization 
C)  juveniles with distinctly different appearances and habitat preferences than the adults 
D)  a small and sexually immature, but otherwise exact, replica of the adult 
A)  the gradual change of juvenile into adult with each successive molting 
B)  females that can lay eggs with or without fertilization 
C)  juveniles with distinctly different appearances and habitat preferences than the adults 
D)  a small and sexually immature, but otherwise exact, replica of the adult

Question 11

Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity rather than a complete gut; in what way(s)would this arrangement be less functional in comparison to a complete digestive system like that in the rotifer?

Accepted Answer

A)  A blind-ended cavity increases the probability of parasite attachment within the cavity. 
B)  Gastrovascular digestion is less efficient because the more powerful digestive chemicals seen in advanced animals, like stomach acids, would be destructive with this type of organization. 
C)  Lacking a mouth and the capacity for chewing greatly reduces the potential prey items available for cnidarians in comparison to other animals. 
D)  Because undigestible materials must pass out through the same opening used to enter the cavity, a single item must be completely digested and expelled before digestion of a new food item can begin. 
A)  A blind-ended cavity increases the probability of parasite attachment within the cavity. 
B)  Gastrovascular digestion is less efficient because the more powerful digestive chemicals seen in advanced animals, like stomach acids, would be destructive with this type of organization. 
C)  Lacking a mouth and the capacity for chewing greatly reduces the potential prey items available for cnidarians in comparison to other animals. 
D)  Because undigestible materials must pass out through the same opening used to enter the cavity, a single item must be completely digested and expelled before digestion of a new food item can begin.

Question 12

Relationships among the animals having body cavities can be easily determined by examination of embryonic development; vertebrates and echinoderms are grouped together because in each group,the

Accepted Answer

A)  infolding that forms the body cavity eventually becomes the anus. 
B)  zygote divides repeatedly to become a blastula. 
C)  death of specific cells creates the internal hollow that eventually becomes the body cavity. 
D)  embryonic coelom is lined with mesodermal tissues. 
A)  infolding that forms the body cavity eventually becomes the anus. 
B)  zygote divides repeatedly to become a blastula. 
C)  death of specific cells creates the internal hollow that eventually becomes the body cavity. 
D)  embryonic coelom is lined with mesodermal tissues.

Question 13

For the insects that undergo complete metamorphosis,the larva matures to form a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the insects that undergo complete metamorphosis,the...

Question 14

Chitin occurs in several kingdoms and numerous animal phyla,but its greatest adaptive expression is seen in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  annelid tube worm cases. 
B)  tunicate notocord. 
C)  echinoderm water vascular system. 
D)  arthropod exoskeleton. 
A)  annelid tube worm cases. 
B)  tunicate notocord. 
C)  echinoderm water vascular system. 
D)  arthropod exoskeleton.

Question 15

The similarity in the cell-adhesion proteins seen in many animal embryos and the colonial choanoflagellates is most reasonably explained as a shared trait and indicates kinship with that group of protists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Rather than mandibles that can be used in chewing,spiders,like most arthropods,have tubelike or fanglike mouthparts,which explains why most spiders

Accepted Answer

A)  spin webs. 
B)  liquefy their prey with an injectable toxin. 
C)  have a protective cuticle. 
D)  have compound rather than simple eyes. 
A)  spin webs. 
B)  liquefy their prey with an injectable toxin. 
C)  have a protective cuticle. 
D)  have compound rather than simple eyes.

Question 17

The head,thorax,and abdomen of the insect body plan developed as individual segments fused; because each segment originated one pair of appendages,a reasonable hypothesis is that the thorax developed when ________ segments fused.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  24 
A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  24

Question 18

Gastropods make extensive use of the radula; which letter on the following diagram indicates its location?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 19

The evolution of the lung was a critical development in the adaptation of animals to a terrestrial lifestyle; the first vertebrates to breathe using a lung were the reptiles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Two phyla so dominate the diversity of marine ecosystems that any randomly collected animal is likely to be either a ________ or an arthropod.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterium 
B)  mollusk 
C)  rotifer 
D)  vertebrate 
A)  bacterium 
B)  mollusk 
C)  rotifer 
D)  vertebrate

Exam 19: Animalia

The success of mammals is due in large part to several highly effective reproductive strategies,which includes all of the following EXCEPT

Ctenophores can be distinguished from cnidarians because they do not possess a complete digestive system,while cnidarians do.

Modern sponges produce spicules to deter predation,but as the earliest animals,they existed before any predators evolved; which of the following hypotheses regarding the formation of spicules is the least likely?

Sharks and the ray-finned fishes differ in several ways; the most significant difference is the composition of the skeleton.

A variety of tapeworms can infect humans,but two relatively simple measures can break the infective cycle

Snakes can often be found resting on asphalt highways at dusk; what biological factor motivates them to engage in this behavior?

The mesoglea in a cnidarian is not considered a true tissue because it originates as a ________ rather than from cell division.

The myriapods are a relatively small group of arthropods; its most common members are the ________ and ________.

Many of the organ systems observed in vertebrates are present in the annelids,the simplest coelomates; an exception is the ________,which helps explain why earthworms leave the soil on rainy days.

The specifics of metamorphosis vary among the arthropods; when the life cycle is characterized by ________,complete metamorphosis has occurred.

Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity rather than a complete gut; in what way(s)would this arrangement be less functional in comparison to a complete digestive system like that in the rotifer?

Relationships among the animals having body cavities can be easily determined by examination of embryonic development; vertebrates and echinoderms are grouped together because in each group,the

For the insects that undergo complete metamorphosis,the larva matures to form a ________.

Chitin occurs in several kingdoms and numerous animal phyla,but its greatest adaptive expression is seen in the:

The similarity in the cell-adhesion proteins seen in many animal embryos and the colonial choanoflagellates is most reasonably explained as a shared trait and indicates kinship with that group of protists.

Rather than mandibles that can be used in chewing,spiders,like most arthropods,have tubelike or fanglike mouthparts,which explains why most spiders

The head,thorax,and abdomen of the insect body plan developed as individual segments fused; because each segment originated one pair of appendages,a reasonable hypothesis is that the thorax developed when ________ segments fused.

Gastropods make extensive use of the radula; which letter on the following diagram indicates its location?

The evolution of the lung was a critical development in the adaptation of animals to a terrestrial lifestyle; the first vertebrates to breathe using a lung were the reptiles.

Two phyla so dominate the diversity of marine ecosystems that any randomly collected animal is likely to be either a ________ or an arthropod.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Filters

The myriapods are a relatively small group of arthropods; its most common members are the and .