Exam 4: Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Igneous Activity

The only minerals in the continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series are the _________________________.

Andesite and ____________________ are respectively ____________________-trusive and ____________________-trusive rocks formed in volcanic chains along ____________________ plate boundaries.

What does a porphyritic texture tell us about the history of an igneous rock?

How does mafic magma originate from ultramafic rock at a spreading ridge?

The discontinuous branch of Bowen's reaction series includes various compositions of plagioclase,from calcium-rich to sodium-rich.

What are the three major classifications of magma? How are they defined? What elements increase or decrease in the composition of the three types?

What is viscosity? What is the effect of temperature and composition on the viscosity of magma? At the same temperature,which composition of magma will be the most viscous: felsic,intermediate,or mafic? Which will be the least viscous?

What does a phaneritic texture tell us about the history of an igneous rock?

What causes the volcanism at spreading ridges?

Batholiths and stocks can be important sources of minerals,such as ____________________ and ____________________.

Why do pegmatite mineral crystals grow so large?

Is the process of partial melting more likely to produce magmas that are more mafic or more felsic? Why?

According to Bowen's reaction series,crystal settling should result in the magma being separated in lower layers rich in the early-formed ____________________ minerals,and upper layers enriched in later-formed ____________________ minerals.

Partial melting of basalt,together with the processes of assimilation,____________________ settling,and ____________________ mixing,are believed to explain the generation of felsic intrusive magmas from ____________________ magmas.

When looking at a hand sample of an igneous rock,how would you tell if it is plutonic or volcanic?

What are flood basalts?

How does a batholith differ from a stock?

Briefly explain batholith formation.

How does lava differ from magma?

The presence of ____________________,which are incompletely melted pieces of rock within igneous rocks,demonstrates that ____________________ occurs.