Question 1

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunochromatography 
B) Western blot 
C) Immunelectrophoresis 
D) Radioimmunoassay (RI
A)  
E) ELISA 
A) Immunochromatography 
B) Western blot 
C) Immunelectrophoresis 
D) Radioimmunoassay (RI
A)  
E) ELISA D

Question 2

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

A positive indirect  ELISA result requires ________.

Accepted Answer

A) one known antibody,one unknown antibody,and an unknown antigen 
B) a known antigen,an unknown antibody,and a known antibody 
C) two known antibodies and one known antigen 
D) two known antibodies and one unknown antigen 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) one known antibody,one unknown antibody,and an unknown antigen 
B) a known antigen,an unknown antibody,and a known antibody 
C) two known antibodies and one known antigen 
D) two known antibodies and one unknown antigen 
E) All of the choices are correct. B

Question 4

What type of test will detect whole antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) Cross reaction 
B) Agglutination 
C) Precipitation 
D) Specificity 
E) Sensitivity 
A) Cross reaction 
B) Agglutination 
C) Precipitation 
D) Specificity 
E) Sensitivity

Question 5

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

Accepted Answer

A) rRNA sequencing 
B) PCR 
C) Biosensor 
D) Direct antigen testing 
E) DNA analysis with probes 
A) rRNA sequencing 
B) PCR 
C) Biosensor 
D) Direct antigen testing 
E) DNA analysis with probes

Question 6

If a phenotypic analysis requires culturing the organism before testing can begin,this is problematic for two reasons; i)rapid diagnosis may be critical and culturing can take up to 24 hours,and ii)a successful in vitro culturing method for a specific pathogen may not be feasible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Urine and fecal specimens require ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sterile collection conditions 
B) incubation in differential media 
C) incubation in selective media 
D) both sterile collection conditions and incubation in differential media 
E) both incubation in differential media and incubation in selective media 
A) sterile collection conditions 
B) incubation in differential media 
C) incubation in selective media 
D) both sterile collection conditions and incubation in differential media 
E) both incubation in differential media and incubation in selective media

Question 8

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents,a false positive result can occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Microbes can be identified using automated biochemical tests,often without incubation.  An example of this type of test would include ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a test for the presence of the enzyme urease,that would change the media from yellow to red 
B) binding of fluorescent antibodies to the specific antigenic determinant in the sample 
C) exposure to DNA probes that are either fluorescently labeled or will initiate a color change when bound to their complement 
D) digestion of the genomic DNA by restriction enzymes,followed by separation by gel electrophoresis 
A) a test for the presence of the enzyme urease,that would change the media from yellow to red 
B) binding of fluorescent antibodies to the specific antigenic determinant in the sample 
C) exposure to DNA probes that are either fluorescently labeled or will initiate a color change when bound to their complement 
D) digestion of the genomic DNA by restriction enzymes,followed by separation by gel electrophoresis

Question 10

A positive serological test for tuberculosis indicates that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the patient has active tuberculosis 
B) the patient is an asymptomatic carrier of tuberculosis 
C) the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) the patient has active tuberculosis 
B) the patient is an asymptomatic carrier of tuberculosis 
C) the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Animals are required for the cultivation of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Treponema pallidum 
B) Pseudomonas 
C) Streptococcus 
D) Salmonella 
E) Clostridium 
A) Treponema pallidum 
B) Pseudomonas 
C) Streptococcus 
D) Salmonella 
E) Clostridium

Question 12

Serological testing can be used to test each of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) blood serum 
B) cerebrospinal fluid 
C) urine 
D) saliva 
E) skin 
A) blood serum 
B) cerebrospinal fluid 
C) urine 
D) saliva 
E) skin

Question 13

Which test is especially good for bacteria that are not readily cultivated in the lab?

Accepted Answer

A) Gram stain 
B) Direct antigen testing 
C) Dichotomous key 
D) Direct fluorescence antibody (DF
A) testing 
E) Phage test 
A) Gram stain 
B) Direct antigen testing 
C) Dichotomous key 
D) Direct fluorescence antibody (DF
A) testing 
E) Phage test

Question 14

The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has reported several weeks of general malaise and a low-grade fever. The nurse assigned to his case communicates with the patient regarding the results of his laboratory testing.
-A Western blot test will be performed.The nurse educates the patient that the Western blot test has high sensitivity and specificity.Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

Accepted Answer

A) A positive Western blot test may be a false-positive since the test has high specificity and may detect the presence of many antibodies. 
B) The Western blot test is unlikely to generate a false-positive result.This will be used to confirm or refute the ELISA test results. 
C) A positive Western blot may be a false-positive since the test has high sensitivity and may detect the presence of many antibodies. 
D) The Western blot test may generate a false-positive result.A positive test will be confirmed by an HIV PCR. 
A) A positive Western blot test may be a false-positive since the test has high specificity and may detect the presence of many antibodies. 
B) The Western blot test is unlikely to generate a false-positive result.This will be used to confirm or refute the ELISA test results. 
C) A positive Western blot may be a false-positive since the test has high sensitivity and may detect the presence of many antibodies. 
D) The Western blot test may generate a false-positive result.A positive test will be confirmed by an HIV PCR.

Question 15

A 16-year-old male with a low-grade fever, and large and painful red sores around his lips is being evaluated at a pediatric clinic. He has a PCR test pending that was swabbed from the sores, as well as a blood culture with Gram stain, and nasopharyngeal specimen for microscopic examination.
-What kind of data will the PCR results provide?

Accepted Answer

A) Biochemical characteristics 
B) Immunologic information 
C) Genotypic information 
D) Microscopic morphology 
A) Biochemical characteristics 
B) Immunologic information 
C) Genotypic information 
D) Microscopic morphology

Question 16

Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?

Accepted Answer

A) Mycology 
B) Hematology 
C) Serology 
D) Histology 
E) Virology 
A) Mycology 
B) Hematology 
C) Serology 
D) Histology 
E) Virology

Question 17

The primary advantage of genotypic methods of identification is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) they are easier than any other method 
B) they are less expensive than other methods 
C) they are widely available 
D) culturing of the organism is not required 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) they are easier than any other method 
B) they are less expensive than other methods 
C) they are widely available 
D) culturing of the organism is not required 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

In vivo testing is useful for diagnosing ________.

Accepted Answer

A) tuberculosis 
B) rubella virus 
C) hepatitis A 
D) HIV 
E) whooping cough 
A) tuberculosis 
B) rubella virus 
C) hepatitis A 
D) HIV 
E) whooping cough

Question 19

Immunologic methods of identifying microorganisms in a patient sample are characterized as those that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) rely on the specificity of antibodies to target a single antigen 
B) directly examine the organism's appearance or behavior, which includes its metabolic abilities,environmental preferences and drug susceptibilities 
C) analyze the genetic makeup of the microorganism,which conclusively diagnoses the infection 
D) amplifies the microbial DNA in the patient's sample and during the process,identifies the organism through the use of known primers 
A) rely on the specificity of antibodies to target a single antigen 
B) directly examine the organism's appearance or behavior, which includes its metabolic abilities,environmental preferences and drug susceptibilities 
C) analyze the genetic makeup of the microorganism,which conclusively diagnoses the infection 
D) amplifies the microbial DNA in the patient's sample and during the process,identifies the organism through the use of known primers

Question 20

Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test for HIV?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunochromatography 
B) Western blot 
C) Immunelectrophoresis 
D) Radioimmunoassay (RI
A)  
E) Weil-Felix 
A) Immunochromatography 
B) Western blot 
C) Immunelectrophoresis 
D) Radioimmunoassay (RI
A)  
E) Weil-Felix

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

A positive indirect ELISA result requires ________.

What type of test will detect whole antigens?

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

If a phenotypic analysis requires culturing the organism before testing can begin,this is problematic for two reasons; i)rapid diagnosis may be critical and culturing can take up to 24 hours,and ii)a successful in vitro culturing method for a specific pathogen may not be feasible.

Urine and fecal specimens require ________.

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents,a false positive result can occur.

Microbes can be identified using automated biochemical tests,often without incubation. An example of this type of test would include ________.

A positive serological test for tuberculosis indicates that ________.

Animals are required for the cultivation of ________.

Serological testing can be used to test each of the following except ________.

Which test is especially good for bacteria that are not readily cultivated in the lab?

Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?

The primary advantage of genotypic methods of identification is ________.

In vivo testing is useful for diagnosing ________.

Immunologic methods of identifying microorganisms in a patient sample are characterized as those that ________.

Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test for HIV?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

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Exam 15: Diagnosing Infections

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

A positive indirect ELISA result requires ________.

What type of test will detect whole antigens?

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

If a phenotypic analysis requires culturing the organism before testing can begin,this is problematic for two reasons; i)rapid diagnosis may be critical and culturing can take up to 24 hours,and ii)a successful in vitro culturing method for a specific pathogen may not be feasible.

Urine and fecal specimens require ________.

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents,a false positive result can occur.

Microbes can be identified using automated biochemical tests,often without incubation. An example of this type of test would include ________.

A positive serological test for tuberculosis indicates that ________.

Animals are required for the cultivation of ________.

Serological testing can be used to test each of the following except ________.

Which test is especially good for bacteria that are not readily cultivated in the lab?

Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?

The primary advantage of genotypic methods of identification is ________.

In vivo testing is useful for diagnosing ________.

Immunologic methods of identifying microorganisms in a patient sample are characterized as those that ________.

Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test for HIV?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

Filters