Question 1

________ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) Exotoxins 
B) Endotoxins 
C) Enterotoxins 
D) Leukocidins 
E) Hemolysins 
A) Exotoxins 
B) Endotoxins 
C) Enterotoxins 
D) Leukocidins 
E) Hemolysins B

Question 2

Virulence factors include all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) capsules 
B) ribosomes 
C) exoenzymes 
D) endotoxins 
E) exotoxins 
A) capsules 
B) ribosomes 
C) exoenzymes 
D) endotoxins 
E) exotoxins B

Question 3

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

Accepted Answer

A) before birth,in utero. 
B) during and immediately after birth. 
C) when a child first goes to school. 
D) when an infant gets its first infectious disease. 
E) during puberty. 
A) before birth,in utero. 
B) during and immediately after birth. 
C) when a child first goes to school. 
D) when an infant gets its first infectious disease. 
E) during puberty. A

Question 4

A 78-year-old male presents to the emergency department reporting a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, rapid rate of breathing, low oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment.
-As the RN,you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit.What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as noted in your assessment?

Accepted Answer

A) Signs 
B) Symptoms 
C) Syndromes 
D) Signs and symptoms 
A) Signs 
B) Symptoms 
C) Syndromes 
D) Signs and symptoms

Question 5

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can,on occasion,be transmitted to humans.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary infection 
B) sequelae 
C) nosocomial infection 
D) zoonosis 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) secondary infection 
B) sequelae 
C) nosocomial infection 
D) zoonosis 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A 36-year-old female is bit by a raccoon and presents to the emergency department with mild trauma to her right lower extremity. Following a triage assessment, the patient's wound is cleaned and dressed. The physician verbalizes concern that the patient may have been exposed to rabies from the bite. One role of the RN is to provide education to the patient regarding rabies infection and its transmission.
-If the patient develops rabies infection,you know that it must be reported to local and state public health officials.Which of the following diseases is also reportable in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) Pinworm infection 
B) Fifth disease 
C) EBV infection 
D) Cholera 
A) Pinworm infection 
B) Fifth disease 
C) EBV infection 
D) Cholera

Question 8

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) prodromal stage 
B) convalescent stage 
C) incubation period 
D) period of invasion 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) prodromal stage 
B) convalescent stage 
C) incubation period 
D) period of invasion 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

A 78-year-old male presents to the emergency department reporting a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, rapid rate of breathing, low oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment.
-The patient's sputum culture returns a positive result for Streptococcus pneumoniae.As the RN,you are aware this capsule-forming bacterium possesses virulence factors to make it difficult to treat.In providing education to the patient regarding the disease process,which of the following statements is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because of the body's persistent inflammatory response to the microbe." 
B) "This bacterium secretes toxins that directly damage your lungs." 
C) "Fragments of this bacterium's cell wall directly harm your lungs." 
D) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because white blood cells are effectively lysing the encapsulated bacteria." 
A) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because of the body's persistent inflammatory response to the microbe." 
B) "This bacterium secretes toxins that directly damage your lungs." 
C) "Fragments of this bacterium's cell wall directly harm your lungs." 
D) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because white blood cells are effectively lysing the encapsulated bacteria."

Question 10

What is one goal of the Human Microbiota Project?

Accepted Answer

A) To sequence the DNA of all microorganisms 
B) To study the prevalence of disease 
C) To study microorganisms in their natural habitat 
D) To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease 
E) To discover new organisms in extreme habitats 
A) To sequence the DNA of all microorganisms 
B) To study the prevalence of disease 
C) To study microorganisms in their natural habitat 
D) To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease 
E) To discover new organisms in extreme habitats

Question 11

The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) microbial antagonism 
B) endogenous infection 
C) infectious disease 
D) axenic 
E) gnotobiotism 
A) microbial antagonism 
B) endogenous infection 
C) infectious disease 
D) axenic 
E) gnotobiotism

Question 12

An animal,such as an arthropod,that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) fomite 
B) carrier 
C) vector 
D) reservoir 
E) source 
A) fomite 
B) carrier 
C) vector 
D) reservoir 
E) source

Question 13

Which terminology is not used to describe members of the resident biota?

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogenic biota 
B) Normal biota 
C) Indigenous biota 
D) Normal microbiota 
E) Commensals 
A) Pathogenic biota 
B) Normal biota 
C) Indigenous biota 
D) Normal microbiota 
E) Commensals

Question 14

Exotoxins

Accepted Answer

A) are secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B) are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms. 
C) are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms. 
D) cause more damage than endotoxins. 
E) are host specific. 
A) are secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B) are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms. 
C) are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms. 
D) cause more damage than endotoxins. 
E) are host specific.

Question 15

As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an education course to new graduate nurses regarding the process of infection control and prevention.
-As the RN,you educate the new nurses about the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections.All of the following are frequent sources of patient infection,except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) urinary catheter 
B) endotracheal tube 
C) surgical incision 
D) hospital beds 
A) urinary catheter 
B) endotracheal tube 
C) surgical incision 
D) hospital beds

Question 16

When an infected person is in the incubation period,that person cannot transmit the pathogen to others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Microbial hyaluronidase,coagulase,and streptokinase are examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) adhesive factors 
B) exotoxins 
C) hemolysins 
D) antiphagocytic factors 
E) exoenzymes 
A) adhesive factors 
B) exotoxins 
C) hemolysins 
D) antiphagocytic factors 
E) exoenzymes

Question 18

All infectious diseases ________.

Accepted Answer

A) are contagious 
B) occur only in humans 
C) are caused by microorganisms or their products 
D) are caused by vectors 
E) involve viruses as the pathogen 
A) are contagious 
B) occur only in humans 
C) are caused by microorganisms or their products 
D) are caused by vectors 
E) involve viruses as the pathogen

Question 19

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) opportunistic pathogens 
B) normal biota 
C) indigenous biota 
D) true pathogens 
E) micropathogens 
A) opportunistic pathogens 
B) normal biota 
C) indigenous biota 
D) true pathogens 
E) micropathogens

Question 20

A 36-year-old female is bit by a raccoon and presents to the emergency department with mild trauma to her right lower extremity. Following a triage assessment, the patient's wound is cleaned and dressed. The physician verbalizes concern that the patient may have been exposed to rabies from the bite. One role of the RN is to provide education to the patient regarding rabies infection and its transmission.
-Which of the following terms most appropriately describes the role of the raccoon in the patient's exposure to infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Living reservoir 
B) Nonliving reservoir 
C) Carrier 
D) Biological vector 
A) Living reservoir 
B) Nonliving reservoir 
C) Carrier 
D) Biological vector

________ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Virulence factors include all the following except ________.

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can,on occasion,be transmitted to humans.

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ________.

What is one goal of the Human Microbiota Project?

The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called ________.

An animal,such as an arthropod,that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a ________.

Which terminology is not used to describe members of the resident biota?

Exotoxins

When an infected person is in the incubation period,that person cannot transmit the pathogen to others.

Microbial hyaluronidase,coagulase,and streptokinase are examples of ________.

All infectious diseases ________.

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

Filters

Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

________ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Virulence factors include all the following except ________.

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can,on occasion,be transmitted to humans.

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ________.

What is one goal of the Human Microbiota Project?

The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called ________.

An animal,such as an arthropod,that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a ________.

Which terminology is not used to describe members of the resident biota?

Exotoxins

When an infected person is in the incubation period,that person cannot transmit the pathogen to others.

Microbial hyaluronidase,coagulase,and streptokinase are examples of ________.

All infectious diseases ________.

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

Filters