Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

The mother of a 6-year-old child brings her daughter to the pediatrician's office because she has had a sore throat, cough, and fever for several days. She reports a fever up to 104°F that worsens at night, but seems to respond to treatment with acetaminophen. The child has not been eating or drinking well because she says, "it hurts to swallow." She is ill appearing, and does not seem interested in playing with the toys that are in the examination room. The physician notes a thick, white exudate on both of the patient's tonsils, which also seem enlarged. A throat culture and complete blood count with differential is ordered. -The nurse examines the child and finds that the lymph nodes along of her neck are warm,tender,and slightly enlarged.Her other lymph nodes are nonpalpable or small,nontender,rubbery,and less than 2 mm in size.What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?  

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?

A 16-year-old male with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the inpatient pulmonary unit. He has been hospitalized several times in the past year with respiratory infections, including Pseudomonas and H. influenza. Because of his thick mucous, airway inflammation, and immobile mucosal cilia, microorganisms are unable to be effectively cleared from his lungs. He is supposed to perform vigorous airway mucous clearance measures at home with a vibrating vest and IPV (intrapulmonary percussive ventilation) device. However, the patient states that his treatment takes hours and he does not always feel sick. He estimates his compliance with home airway clearance regimen to be less than 50%. -If the patient's cilia are unable to clear his lungs of mucus,which line of host defense is breached?

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it ________.

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________.

A 16-year-old male with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the inpatient pulmonary unit. He has been hospitalized several times in the past year with respiratory infections, including Pseudomonas and H. influenza. Because of his thick mucous, airway inflammation, and immobile mucosal cilia, microorganisms are unable to be effectively cleared from his lungs. He is supposed to perform vigorous airway mucous clearance measures at home with a vibrating vest and IPV (intrapulmonary percussive ventilation) device. However, the patient states that his treatment takes hours and he does not always feel sick. He estimates his compliance with home airway clearance regimen to be less than 50%. -The patient asks the nurse to explain to him why he keeps getting sick from the same bacteria.Which of the following statements is the most appropriate response? 

The second line of defense is a series of systems that involves both cells and chemicals working together.

The mother of a 6-year-old child brings her daughter to the pediatrician's office because she has had a sore throat, cough, and fever for several days. She reports a fever up to 104°F that worsens at night, but seems to respond to treatment with acetaminophen. The child has not been eating or drinking well because she says, "it hurts to swallow." She is ill appearing, and does not seem interested in playing with the toys that are in the examination room. The physician notes a thick, white exudate on both of the patient's tonsils, which also seem enlarged. A throat culture and complete blood count with differential is ordered. -The lab performs a complete blood count with cell differential while the patient is still in the office.The results show an elevated white blood cell count,as well as a high neutrophil count.What does this indicate?  

During inflammation,a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.

Plasma ________.

Histamine,serotonin,and bradykinin are all ________.

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for ________.

________ function in humoral immunity,while ________ function in cell-mediated immunity.

Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system,for example,________ encourages inflammatory responses and ________ suppresses the actions of immune cells.

Which type of white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?