Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Shirley repeatedly ends up receiving bad grades in algebra no matter how hard she studies.Eventually,Shirley stops studying for algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will help her get good grades.In this scenario,Shirley's behavior exemplifies _____ in operant conditioning.

_____ is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an innately meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.

Classical conditioning explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Which of the following is true of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

Tina's eyes water every time she chops onions.Her response is an example of a

Tyler's grandmother,Rose,has been receiving e-mails from Tyler every day for many years.In anticipation of his e-mails,she checks her inbox more than once in a day.However,since Tyler has started college,the emails have stopped.As a result,Rose checks her e-mail only every few days.If this pattern continues,Rose will completely stop checking her e-mail.In classical conditioning,this is known as

Joseph,a three-year-old boy,is afraid of the doctor who gave him a shot and made him cry.Consequently,whenever Joseph sees a person in a white laboratory coat,he starts crying.In this scenario,Joseph's behavior best exemplifies

Describe avoidance learning.Provide an example to illustrate.

Which of the following statements best describes classical conditioning?

Jill decides to study harder in class after seeing her teacher praise her classmate,Ricky,for doing well on a test.In the context of observational learning,this scenario best exemplifies learning through

Which of the following is true of spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

Which of the following statements about taste aversion learning is true?

In the context of classical conditioning,_____ refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning,the dog began to associate the sound of the bell with the food and salivated when it heard the bell because the bell had become a(n)

In classical conditioning,the process by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay,without further conditioning is known as

Provide one example of vicarious reinforcement and one example of vicarious punishment.

In operant conditioning,a punishment is a consequence that

Positive reinforcement in operant conditioning