Exam 6: Learning

In operant conditioning,_____ means responding appropriately to stimuli that signal that a behavior will or will not be reinforced.

_____,in classical conditioning,refers to the recovery of the conditioned response when an organism is placed in a novel context.

Positive reinforcement means following a behavior with the addition of something pleasant,and negative reinforcement means following a behavior with the removal of something unpleasant.

Hitch-hikers are unable to predict when they will get a ride and when they will not.They are most likely functioning on a _____ schedule of reinforcement in operant conditioning.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Tolman's views on purposive behavior?

When Jenna completes a project,her parents give her a gift certificate,which she can use at her favorite store. In the context of operant conditioning,the gift certificate is an example of a primary reinforcer.

In operant conditioning,a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur is known as a(n)

Preparedness is the tendency of animals to revert to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning.

While observing rats in a maze,Patrick realizes that the rats are able to find their way to the end of the maze even though they are not rewarded at any point during the experiment.This type of learning can best be defined as

In the context of operant conditioning,a reinforcer that is innately satisfying and does not require any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable is referred to as a _____ reinforcer.

Matt's school ends at three in the afternoon.So,whenever it becomes three in the afternoon he feels happy even if he is not in school.In this scenario,Matt has learned to associate a fixed timing with happiness through

The _____ schedule in operant conditioning reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors.

Grayson's dog salivates whenever he hears the refrigerator door open because he is accustomed to receiving food each time anyone opens it.Grayson tries an experiment with his dog.Over the next few days,Grayson does not give his dog any food when he opens the refrigerator door,even though he knows the dog expects it.As a result,the dog stops salivating when the refrigerator door is opened.Grayson's dog's behavior best illustrates _____ in classical conditioning.

Janet scolds her daughter,Kelley,each time Kelley pinches her little brother.After two weeks,Janet notices that Kelley has stopped pinching her little brother.In this scenario,scolding Kelley is an example of _____ in operant conditioning.

Kyle wants to buy a new watch.While making the decision to buy the watch,he purchases the brand of watch that his favorite actor wore in a movie.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,the movie that Kyle watched promoted the brand of watch using

John,a six-year-old boy,loves dogs.However,after being bitten by one,he starts to fear dogs.Which of the following is true in the context of classical conditioning?

Carol is training her dog to sit on command.Each time he sits in response to her command,she gives him a treat.In the context of operant conditioning,Carol is using a _____ to train her dog.

Jennifer accidentally plays a radio channel that she has never heard before.She loves the music it plays and as a result,she plays only that channel whenever she wants to listen to music.In this scenario,Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through _____ in operant conditioning.

Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?

List some of the effective strategies for developing a growth mindset.