Exam 6: Learning

Negative punishment and negative reinforcement have the same impact on behavior.

Which of the following is true of behaviorism as a theory of learning?

Aversive conditioning is

_____ in operant conditioning occurs when the frequency of a behavior increases because it is followed by the removal of something undesirable.

Classical conditioning is a form of

Alex and his family moved into an apartment on the 98th floor of a building.The first few times that Alex used the elevator,his ears popped and Alex found the sensation uncomfortable.As a result,whenever Alex enters a building with an elevator,he feels his ears pop before he gets to the elevator.In the context of classical conditioning,which of the following is the conditioned response?

Fred's mother allows him to watch television on Sundays only if he studies for four hours a day,every day of the week.Which of the following schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning is Fred's mother using to discipline him?

Briefly describe the four main schedules of partial reinforcement in operant conditioning.

In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning,the dog salivated each time the food was presented.The dog's response to the food was a(n)

David,a clinical psychologist,conducts an experiment on two rats,Chub and Chip,by subjecting them to mild electric shocks.On the first day,David gives Chub 30 electric shocks an hour and gives Chip 10 shocks an hour.On the second day,he gives both Chub and Chip 15 shocks an hour.Which rat is likely to experience more stress on the second day and why?

Caleb,the owner of a small garage,is particular about paying his employees more than they ask for.He believes that this action will prevent his employees from leaving the organization due to job dissatisfaction.In this scenario,Caleb is using _____ in operant conditioning to ensure a desired outcome.

Little Phil received a shot from Nurse Wanda the last time he was at the doctor's clinic.When he visits the same clinic,he begins to cry when Nurse Wanda enters the waiting room and calls his name.Provide a rationale for Phil's behavior based on the principles of classical conditioning.

In aversive conditioning experiments to treat alcohol addiction,every time a person drinks an alcoholic beverage,he or she also consumes a mixture that induces nausea.In classical conditioning terminology,the nausea-inducing agent is the

Four-month-old Simon quickly learns that he will be fed milk every time he cries.From a behaviorist perspective,the milk that Simon receives when he cries is a

_____ refers to the use of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior.

In the context of psychological constraints in learning,define the term mindset and distinguish between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset.Which would you prefer to have and why?

Boris uses classical conditioning to teach his goldfish to swim to the surface of its tank to eat whenever Boris turns on the aquarium light.He drops food into the tank and then turns on the light.After several such trials,the fish shows no more inclination to swim to the surface when the light is turned on than it did on the first trial.In the context of classical conditioning,which of the following should Boris do to improve his training technique?

Which of the following best exemplifies an innate unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response connection?

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies negative reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Jenny received a lot of praise in class when she was the only one who did her homework on time.As a result,Jenny has never had to be reminded to do her homework;she always submits it on time.In this scenario,Jenny's behavior illustrates