Exam 6: Learning

Give a brief account of Thorndike's law of effect.

Research suggests that insight learning is only observed in humans.

Ronald was the subject of an experiment for alcoholics.Every time Ronald had a drink,it was mixed with a nausea-inducing agent,which made him sick.After experiencing this pattern for several weeks,Ronald started to dislike alcohol immensely.He did not drink for seven months.However,one day as he was walking past a new bar,Ronald experienced an overwhelming desire to drink.In this scenario,Ronald's sudden desire to drink best illustrates the concept of _____ in classical conditioning.

In the context of psychological constraints in learning,from a growth mindset,failure tells a person what he or she needs to learn.

_____ is the process of learning the associations between two events.

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning?

In the context of operant conditioning,a _____ schedule is one in which a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs.

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies instinctive drift in the context of biological constraints in learning?

In classical conditioning,a conditioned stimulus must serve as a reliable indicator that the unconditioned stimulus is on its way.

The law of effect is profoundly important because it presents the basic idea that

Henry,a five-year-old boy,knows that when he goes out with his mother and throws a tantrum,he will not get a treat.However,when he goes out with his father and throws a tantrum,he will get a treat.Henry's learning in this scenario exemplifies

Larry is in the habit of bullying his little brother by hitting and pushing him.Larry's parents try to stop this behavior by taking away Larry's video games whenever he hits his little brother.Over the next few weeks,Larry stops bullying his little brother.In this scenario,Larry's parents have used _____ in operant conditioning.

Differentiate between latent learning and insight learning.

In operant conditioning,discrimination means performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation.

Just as it does in classical conditioning,_____ plays a key role in operant conditioning.

Kenny ate too many hotdogs at a baseball game.Several hours later,he felt nauseated and spent most of the night being sick.In the context of taste aversion learning,it is likely that Kenny will _____ as a result of this experience.

Briefly describe the biological constraints involved in learning.

Jim feeds his dog the Paws brand of dog food every day.When the dog sees Jim pouring the food into his bowl,he starts to salivate.When Jim switches to a new brand,the food does not suit the dog and makes him sick.The dog no longer salivates when he sees Jim pouring the food into his bowl.In this scenario,the dog's change in behavior can be best explained by learning through

Applied behavior analysis is

Melvin is an elementary school teacher who rewards his students with extra playtime whenever they do well on a class assignment.In this scenario,which of the following techniques is Melvin using to motivate his students to work harder?