Question 1

Which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It reinforces the first behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed. 
B) It rewards behaviors an average number of times but on an unpredictable basis. 
C) It reinforces a behavior after an inconsistent and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed. 
D) It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors. 
A) It reinforces the first behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed. 
B) It rewards behaviors an average number of times but on an unpredictable basis. 
C) It reinforces a behavior after an inconsistent and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed. 
D) It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors.

Question 2

Ron had to undergo a painful procedure in a hospital when he was a child.Now,every time Ron walks past a hospital,he gets anxious and nauseated.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,the unconditioned stimulus is the

Accepted Answer

A) hospital. 
B) painful procedure. 
C) anxious reaction. 
D) nausea. 
A) hospital. 
B) painful procedure. 
C) anxious reaction. 
D) nausea.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of a variable-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It produces high,steady rates of behavior that are more resistant to extinction. 
B) It makes behavior slow and consistent. 
C) It rewards behavior each time it occurs. 
D) It is determined by the time elapsed since the last behavior was rewardeD. 
A) It produces high,steady rates of behavior that are more resistant to extinction. 
B) It makes behavior slow and consistent. 
C) It rewards behavior each time it occurs. 
D) It is determined by the time elapsed since the last behavior was rewardeD.

Question 4

Millie doesn't like waiting in line.Whenever she goes to her local supermarket,she has to wait at least 20 minutes in line.So,she decides to buy all her groceries online instead.In this scenario,Millie is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) implicit learning. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) implicit learning.

Question 5

Josh has romantic feelings for the girl who works at the comic book store down the street.He likes to go into the store and talk to her.However,he does not know which days of the week she works,so he visits the store every Sunday,when he is sure she will be there.In this scenario,Josh is operating on a _____ schedule in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-ratio 
C) fixed-interval 
D) variable-interval 
A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-ratio 
C) fixed-interval 
D) variable-interval

Question 6

_____ in classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.

Accepted Answer

A) Generalization 
B) Discrimination 
C) Acquisition 
D) Habituation 
A) Generalization 
B) Discrimination 
C) Acquisition 
D) Habituation

Question 7

In learned helplessness,an organism learns through experience that it is the one responsible for all the negative outcomes it faces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

June had dinner at an Indian restaurant and had food poisoning as a result.This caused her to gag at the sight of any Indian food.June's reaction to Indian food best illustrates the concept of _____ in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) preparedness 
B) renewal 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination 
A) preparedness 
B) renewal 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination

Question 9

In the context of operant conditioning,a reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's experience is a _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) negative 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) negative

Question 10

Wendell always gets anxious before taking a math test because he is not good with numbers and formulae. When his science teacher announces a physics test that requires him to apply numerical formulae,Wendell begins to feel anxious,even though he enjoys physics.Which of the following is Wendell most likely demonstrating in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement in operant conditioning 
B) generalization in classical conditioning 
C) discrimination in classical conditioning 
D) negative reinforcement in operant conditioning 
A) positive reinforcement in operant conditioning 
B) generalization in classical conditioning 
C) discrimination in classical conditioning 
D) negative reinforcement in operant conditioning

Question 11

A _____ schedule in operant conditioning rewards behaviors an average number of times on an unpredictable basis.

Accepted Answer

A) variable-ratio 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) fixed-interval 
A) variable-ratio 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) fixed-interval

Question 12

Give a brief account of the four main processes involved in observational learning.

Accepted Answer

The four main processes that are involve

Question 13

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs without awareness or effort,based on the presentation of two stimuli together. 
B) It allows the learner to learn the association between a behavior and a consequence. 
C) It does not pair stimuli together. 
D) It occurs when the learner observes and imitates the actions of another person. 
A) It occurs without awareness or effort,based on the presentation of two stimuli together. 
B) It allows the learner to learn the association between a behavior and a consequence. 
C) It does not pair stimuli together. 
D) It occurs when the learner observes and imitates the actions of another person.

Question 14

In operant conditioning,_____ means performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) renewal 
C) discrimination 
D) preparedness 
A) generalization 
B) renewal 
C) discrimination 
D) preparedness

Question 15

Yolanda dislikes going to the doctor for her illness because every time she does,she is prescribed medicines,which ruin her appetite and make her feel nauseated.She associates doctors with feelings of nausea.However,she is not afraid of visiting dentists.In this scenario,Yolanda's behavior best exemplifies _____ in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery 
B) generalization 
C) discrimination 
D) extinction 
A) spontaneous recovery 
B) generalization 
C) discrimination 
D) extinction

Question 16

Which of the following best exemplifies a reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) A child drinks water after eating spicy food. 
B) A woman puts her coat on before stepping out into the cold. 
C) A child runs out to watch a fire engine drive by. 
D) A man salivates while watching a chef fry sausages. 
A) A child drinks water after eating spicy food. 
B) A woman puts her coat on before stepping out into the cold. 
C) A child runs out to watch a fire engine drive by. 
D) A man salivates while watching a chef fry sausages.

Question 17

Rose is in an abusive relationship with Dan,who is physically violent with her and has injured her seriously more than once.Despite this,Rose has never been able to stop him or leave him.Rose was also abused by her step-father as a child.Rose's inability to put up a fight with Dan is most likely the result of _____ in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) learned helplessness 
B) preparedness 
C) instinctive drift 
D) aversive conditioning 
A) learned helplessness 
B) preparedness 
C) instinctive drift 
D) aversive conditioning

Question 18

Continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

A) is particularly resistant to extinction. 
B) characterizes most life experiences. 
C) is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. 
D) is the type of reinforcement in which a reinforcer follows a behavior only a portion of the time. 
A) is particularly resistant to extinction. 
B) characterizes most life experiences. 
C) is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. 
D) is the type of reinforcement in which a reinforcer follows a behavior only a portion of the time.

Question 19

_____ is the type of learning that occurs when an organism makes a connection between two events.

Accepted Answer

A) Associative learning 
B) Observational learning 
C) Preparedness 
D) Instinctive drift 
A) Associative learning 
B) Observational learning 
C) Preparedness 
D) Instinctive drift

Question 20

Which of the following is true of continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous reinforcement is particularly resistant to extinction. 
B) Continuous reinforcement does not bring about changes in behavior. 
C) In continuous reinforcement,a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs. 
D) In continuous reinforcement,a behavior is reinforced only a portion of the time. 
A) Continuous reinforcement is particularly resistant to extinction. 
B) Continuous reinforcement does not bring about changes in behavior. 
C) In continuous reinforcement,a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs. 
D) In continuous reinforcement,a behavior is reinforced only a portion of the time.

Which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning?

Ron had to undergo a painful procedure in a hospital when he was a child.Now,every time Ron walks past a hospital,he gets anxious and nauseated.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,the unconditioned stimulus is the

Which of the following is true of a variable-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

Millie doesn't like waiting in line.Whenever she goes to her local supermarket,she has to wait at least 20 minutes in line.So,she decides to buy all her groceries online instead.In this scenario,Millie is demonstrating

_____ in classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.

In learned helplessness,an organism learns through experience that it is the one responsible for all the negative outcomes it faces.

June had dinner at an Indian restaurant and had food poisoning as a result.This caused her to gag at the sight of any Indian food.June's reaction to Indian food best illustrates the concept of _____ in classical conditioning.

In the context of operant conditioning,a reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's experience is a _____ reinforcer.

A _____ schedule in operant conditioning rewards behaviors an average number of times on an unpredictable basis.

Give a brief account of the four main processes involved in observational learning.

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?

In operant conditioning,_____ means performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation.

Which of the following best exemplifies a reflex?

Continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning

_____ is the type of learning that occurs when an organism makes a connection between two events.

Which of the following is true of continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning?

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Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning?

Ron had to undergo a painful procedure in a hospital when he was a child.Now,every time Ron walks past a hospital,he gets anxious and nauseated.In this scenario,in the context of classical conditioning,the unconditioned stimulus is the

Which of the following is true of a variable-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

Millie doesn't like waiting in line.Whenever she goes to her local supermarket,she has to wait at least 20 minutes in line.So,she decides to buy all her groceries online instead.In this scenario,Millie is demonstrating

_____ in classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.

In learned helplessness,an organism learns through experience that it is the one responsible for all the negative outcomes it faces.

June had dinner at an Indian restaurant and had food poisoning as a result.This caused her to gag at the sight of any Indian food.June's reaction to Indian food best illustrates the concept of _____ in classical conditioning.

In the context of operant conditioning,a reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's experience is a _____ reinforcer.

A _____ schedule in operant conditioning rewards behaviors an average number of times on an unpredictable basis.

Give a brief account of the four main processes involved in observational learning.

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?

In operant conditioning,_____ means performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation.

Which of the following best exemplifies a reflex?

Continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning

_____ is the type of learning that occurs when an organism makes a connection between two events.

Which of the following is true of continuous reinforcement in operant conditioning?

What Is Psychology

Psychologys Scientific Method

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Human Development

Motivation and Emotion

Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Personality

Social Psychology

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Health Psychology

Filters