Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

According to evolutionary theory, people are more likely to help siblings (with whom they share roughly half of their genes) than cousins (with whom they share roughly one-eighth of their genes), and more likely to help cousins than strangers. Research demonstrates that, in reality, ____.

In his classic research on obedience to authority, Milgram found that roughly ____ of participants eventually "went all the way" and administered the highest levels of shocks. Interestingly, a group of psychiatrists surveyed prior to the study estimated that ____ would do so.

In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate receive 10 full trials of electric shocks. They were told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate, or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate. After the first two trials had been conducted, participants were then either given no escape (had to watch the full 10 trials) or easy escape (allowed to leave and not watch the full 10 trials). After the first two trials, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate, as she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity. The researchers found that ____ agreed to switch places.

Recall Milgram's classic research on obedience to authority. One interesting finding here was that numerous participants who went ahead and administered shocks at relatively high levels ____.

Which of the following is/are motivated by empathy?

In general, when it comes to helping others, males tend to be more helpful than females in many situations. In which of the following situations are males probably NOT more helpful?

Someone who is high on the dimension of belief in a just world would be MOST likely to agree with which statement?

Research indicates that male and female helping behavior in the "spring break" situation is ____.

The prisoner's dilemma is best described as a(n) ____.

Research on morality in relation to political orientation suggests that both liberals and conservatives value ____.

Based on Vohs et al.'s (2006) findings, wealthy people are ____.

Research suggests that some people are more forgiving than others. In particular, ____ tend to be especially forgiving.

According to evolutionary theory, kin selection is most adaptive in terms of ____.

Stanley Milgram's classic research on obedience to authority was spurred on by - and conducted in the wake of - ____.

When helping is altruistically motivated, people will try to ____.

The so-called prisoner's dilemma is a paradigm that is used by social psychologists to study people's tendency to ____.

If a society has law, regardless of how well they are obeyed, it is said to be under the rule of law.

Both pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility contribute to ____.

The management at Nargis's company tends to be fair. They treat people with respect, they do not make unrealistic demands on their employees, and they reward people appropriately. As a result, Nargis and her co-workers tend to be good "____"; they help one another out and they speak respectfully of their jobs.

Altruistic helping is motivated by ____ and the end goal is to ____.