Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Suppose that, one day, a fierce and crazy lion broke loose from the zoo. Instead of running around wildly, however, the lion calmed himself down rather quickly, walked through the crowds at the zoo, exited the facility, and made his way to a local park; here he stretched out to do some child-watching. People in the park were confused by the sudden presence of the lion. They thought to themselves: "Isn't that a lion?" "Um, is it really dangerous to have a lion right here?" However, none of them voiced their concerns, and as a result there was no communication about the lion; the park-goers ultimately assumed that there was a reason for the lion to be there ("otherwise," they thought, "someone would have said something"). And the lion ended up staying at the park for several hours. In this example, ____ was most at play.

Research demonstrates that people are more likely to engage in kin selection ____.

Suppose that you are walking to work, alone, and you notice a spooky man crawling on the ground alongside a building, holding a gun. He is clearly up to no good. In which of the following cases would you be MOST likely to do something about it (such as call 9-1-1)?

In lay terms, the term "conformity" refers to ____.

Research on forgiveness in romantic relationships indicates that ____.

In Milgram's classic research on obedience to authority, which of the following things was true?

Suppose that Eli has a strong belief in a just world, and that he is just like other people who have a strong belief in a just world. How should we expect him to respond when he is asked what he thinks about a new social welfare program to benefit the elderly?

Business deals are often win-win propositions; both parties to the deal can end up benefiting. Social psychologists would describe such deals as ____.

Research on gender and helping indicates that ____

If you are concerned that you are getting less than you deserve, then social psychologists would say that you are worried about ____, if you are concerned that you are getting more than you deserve then social psychologists would say that you are worried about ____.

Explain the norms that humans use to determine fairness, and provide one example of each.

Identify some of the factors that make people more or less likely to help others. Who helps the most, and in what cases (whom) are they especially likely to help?

Even though there are certain codes of behavior (both legal and moral) that people are supposed to follow during wartime, it is often the case that these codes are horrifically ignored or broken (e.g., there are lootings, mass rapes, killings of babies and children, etc.). In other words, it seems as though once certain rules and laws are broken (once people are even in war), ____ can become completely unraveled very easily.

Fergus recognizes that, for whatever reason, his boss seems to favor him over another employee, Leslie. Although Fergus believes that, objectively, he and Leslie produce a similar quantity of similar quality work, Fergus receives a substantially higher merit raise than did Leslie, and Fergus feels guilty about this. Fergus is best described as being concerned that he has been ____.

Marcie is at the pool and her little boy has struck his head on the diving board and is injured. What should Marcie do to make sure her son receives the help he needs? Why?

Research on gender and helping indicates that male helpers tend to ____, and that female helpers tend to ____.

Egoistic helping is motivated by ____ and the end goal is to ____.

The term ____ refers to following orders from an authority figure.

As discussed in the text, when people encounter situations in which their help might be needed, there are five major steps they pass through before ultimately deciding to render help (or not render help). At which step(s) can the presence of others interfere (and reduce the likelihood of helping)?

Research on the relationship between the time of day and morality suggests that ____.