Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

In social psychology, the tendency for people to be less likely to offer help when they are in the presence of others than when they aren't is known as ____.

________________ can be defined as ceasing to feel angry toward, and ceasing to seek retribution against, someone who has wronged you.

When communication is difficult in a prisoner's dilemma game, cooperation ____.

Which dyad is most likely to experience mutual cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma game?

Social psychologists often make use of a game called the ____ to study people's tendencies to cooperate versus compete.

The positive emotion that results from the knowledge that one has benefited from the costly, intentional, voluntary action of another is known as ____.

Outline recent research concerning moral intuition and explain how it relates to earlier research on moral reasoning.

The political scientist Robert Axelrod once held a computer tournament designed to determine the most successful strategy for approaching the prisoner's dilemma (the strategy that would win out most often on a sustained basis). What he found was that the most successful strategy was loosely based on a pattern of ____.

Jose sometimes feels that he is a "taker" rather than a "giver"-that he is not contributing his fair share at work or in relationships. Research suggests that, as a result, Jose is likely to

Much of the time, people engage in altruistic behaviors because doing so makes them feel good. Is it correct to conclude, then, that altruistic acts are fundamentally selfish at their core? What do social psychologists generally conclude?

People who live in New York City have a reputation for being rough and tough; there are stories of people who have fallen and hurt themselves on major city streets simply being stepped over by passerby. While it may well be the case that New Yorkers are less sensitive to others' needs than non-city dwellers, it could also be that they are more prone to engage in ________________ when someone has fallen down on the street. For example, passersby may well assume that their help is not needed, as someone else may well have already called for help or be calling for help very soon.

In the prisoner's dilemma game, if you reciprocate your opponent's previous choice in each decision you make, you are employing the ________________ strategy.

When Milgram surveyed psychiatrists prior to conducting his famous "obedience to authority" studies, the psychiatrists predicted that about 60% of participants would deliver the most severe shocks.

Richard is having a seizure in the back of the classroom. His classmates look around at each other, unsure of how to react. As they watch each other doing nothing, they shrug and go about packing up for the next class, assuming that nothing must be wrong because no one else reacted as if it were an emergency. Their reactions illustrate diffusion of responsibility.

In general, how does mood affect helping?

As discussed in the text, the sociologist Phil Kunz once performed a study in which he sent 578 Christmas cards to a sample of complete strangers living in Chicago, Illinois. He received a total of 117 cards in return, as well as several phone calls-despite the fact that he did not know any of these people. Kunz's findings provide good evidence of ____.

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that people who routinely engage in altruistic behavior gradually become more and more empathetic to others.

What percent of women wash their hands after using the restroom if they believe no one else is in the restroom?

Compared to people who do not have a strong belief in a just world, people who do have a strong belief in a just world are MORE likely to ____.

Alicia and her friends are singing karaoke. Alicia is an extremely talented singer-much better than her friends. She feels awkward about being so good, however, so she sort of "fakes bad"; she doesn't want her friends to be envious of her singing talent. Social psychologists would say that Alicia is experiencing ____.