Question 1

Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysogeny?

Accepted Answer

A) Once the phage genome is integrated into the host cell, it remains there permanently. 
B) The host bacterial cell acquires new characteristics that are often detrimental to humans. 
C) It halts the viral life cycle because the phage genes are no longer replicated. 
D) The host bacterial cell is lysed once the phage genome is integrated. 
A) Once the phage genome is integrated into the host cell, it remains there permanently. 
B) The host bacterial cell acquires new characteristics that are often detrimental to humans. 
C) It halts the viral life cycle because the phage genes are no longer replicated. 
D) The host bacterial cell is lysed once the phage genome is integrated. B

Question 2

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during ______.

Accepted Answer

A) replication 
B) assembly 
C) adsorption 
D) release 
E) penetration 
A) replication 
B) assembly 
C) adsorption 
D) release 
E) penetration D

Question 3

Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.

Accepted Answer

A) host glycoproteins 
B) host phospholipids 
C) viral phospholipids 
D) viral flagella 
E) carbohydrate attachments of the viral capsid 
A) host glycoproteins 
B) host phospholipids 
C) viral phospholipids 
D) viral flagella 
E) carbohydrate attachments of the viral capsid A

Question 4

Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are ______.

Accepted Answer

A) chronic latent viruses 
B) oncoviruses 
C) syncytia 
D) inclusion bodies 
A) chronic latent viruses 
B) oncoviruses 
C) syncytia 
D) inclusion bodies

Question 5

A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial viruses to eliminate bacterial infections.Which explanation most accurately describes the mechanism of action behind this treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and death. 
B) Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes.The viral genes can then be suppressed, causing the bacteria to not replicate viruses. 
C) The attachment structures on the virus and the receptors on the host cells make for exquisite specificity of viruses for particular bacterial species. 
D) Antibiotic resistance in humans is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy is more beneficial. 
A) A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and death. 
B) Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes.The viral genes can then be suppressed, causing the bacteria to not replicate viruses. 
C) The attachment structures on the virus and the receptors on the host cells make for exquisite specificity of viruses for particular bacterial species. 
D) Antibiotic resistance in humans is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy is more beneficial.

Question 6

Which of the following is/are type(s) of cytopathic effects?

Accepted Answer

A) Inclusions in the nucleus 
B) Multinucleated giant cells 
C) Inclusions in the cytoplasm 
D) Rounding of cells 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Inclusions in the nucleus 
B) Multinucleated giant cells 
C) Inclusions in the cytoplasm 
D) Rounding of cells 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Some animals can become infected with multiple influenza virus strains usually associated with other animals.Which statement below describes the result of these infections?

Accepted Answer

A) A new novel strain of flu may be produced, for which the human population has no immunity. 
B) Major genetic variations in the flu viruses can be reproduced. 
C) The viral genomes within the host cells can become recombined. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) A new novel strain of flu may be produced, for which the human population has no immunity. 
B) Major genetic variations in the flu viruses can be reproduced. 
C) The viral genomes within the host cells can become recombined. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are infectious proteins called _____ and infectious RNA strands called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) prions; capsomeres 
B) virions; prions 
C) viroids; phages 
D) prions; phages 
E) prions; viroids 
A) prions; capsomeres 
B) virions; prions 
C) viroids; phages 
D) prions; phages 
E) prions; viroids

Question 10

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes

Accepted Answer

A) a positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand. 
B) a negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand. 
C) viral RNA from DNA. 
D) viral DNA from RNA. 
A) a positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand. 
B) a negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand. 
C) viral RNA from DNA. 
D) viral DNA from RNA.

Question 11

Viral capsids are made from subunits called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) envelopes 
B) spikes 
C) capsomeres 
D) prophages 
E) peptones 
A) envelopes 
B) spikes 
C) capsomeres 
D) prophages 
E) peptones

Question 12

A naked virus only has a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A) capsomere 
B) nucleocapsid 
C) envelope 
D) antigenic surface 
A) capsomere 
B) nucleocapsid 
C) envelope 
D) antigenic surface

Question 13

Viruses are simple, noncellular, and lack mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In order to replicate within a host cell, a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded positive-sense RNA

Accepted Answer

A) must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of negative-sense RNA for packaging. 
B) must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of positive-sense RNA for packaging. 
C) must first use its genomic strand as a template to make a negative-sense RNA, which then serves as a template to synthesize positive-sense RNA for packaging. 
D) must first use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of DNA for packaging. 
A) must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of negative-sense RNA for packaging. 
B) must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of positive-sense RNA for packaging. 
C) must first use its genomic strand as a template to make a negative-sense RNA, which then serves as a template to synthesize positive-sense RNA for packaging. 
D) must first use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of DNA for packaging.

Question 15

Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except

Accepted Answer

A) type of nucleic acid. 
B) type of capsid. 
C) presence of an envelope. 
D) biochemical reactions. 
E) number of strands in the nucleic acid. 
A) type of nucleic acid. 
B) type of capsid. 
C) presence of an envelope. 
D) biochemical reactions. 
E) number of strands in the nucleic acid.

Question 16

Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is

Accepted Answer

A) adsorption to the host cells. 
B) injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell. 
C) host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. 
D) assembly of nucleocapsids. 
E) replication of viral nucleic acid. 
A) adsorption to the host cells. 
B) injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell. 
C) host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. 
D) assembly of nucleocapsids. 
E) replication of viral nucleic acid.

Question 18

T-even phages ______.

Accepted Answer

A) include the poxviruses 
B) infect Escherichia coli cells 
C) enter host cells by engulfment 
D) have helical capsids 
A) include the poxviruses 
B) infect Escherichia coli cells 
C) enter host cells by engulfment 
D) have helical capsids

Question 19

Select the statement that most accurately describes the action of antimicrobial drugs today.

Accepted Answer

A) Antiviral drug treatment is more effective than vaccination against a viral disease. 
B) Effective antiviral drugs have a long history of development and use. 
C) Antiviral drugs often result in toxic side effects due to their inhibition of host cell activity. 
D) The development of antiviral drug resistance has not been observed, as compared to the high rate of antibiotic resistance seen today. 
A) Antiviral drug treatment is more effective than vaccination against a viral disease. 
B) Effective antiviral drugs have a long history of development and use. 
C) Antiviral drugs often result in toxic side effects due to their inhibition of host cell activity. 
D) The development of antiviral drug resistance has not been observed, as compared to the high rate of antibiotic resistance seen today.

Question 20

Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: An Introduction to the Viruses

Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysogeny?

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during ______.

Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.

Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are ______.

A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial viruses to eliminate bacterial infections.Which explanation most accurately describes the mechanism of action behind this treatment?

Which of the following is/are type(s) of cytopathic effects?

Some animals can become infected with multiple influenza virus strains usually associated with other animals.Which statement below describes the result of these infections?

Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections.

Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are infectious proteins called _____ and infectious RNA strands called _____.

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes

Viral capsids are made from subunits called ______.

A naked virus only has a/an ______.

Viruses are simple, noncellular, and lack mRNA.

In order to replicate within a host cell, a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded positive-sense RNA

Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except

Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration.

The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is

T-even phages ______.

Select the statement that most accurately describes the action of antimicrobial drugs today.

Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are infectious proteins called _ and infectious RNA strands called _.